Gender Inequality Within the US Essay -- Gender Studies

The regular army has a long history of bestowing freedom, choice and equal rights upon its citizens, but even though the US government no longer discriminates against race or nationality, gender is still an issue. Womens rights substantiate come a long way since marvellous 26th 1920 - The date in which The 19th Amendment to the Constitution was signed into law, granting women the right to vote, but the fight is not over yet.Republican politicians like wrick Santorum and Rick Perry along with right-wing fanatics like Rush Limbaugh and fundamentalist religious groups want to profoundly change the rights of women in America. The radical ideologies embraced by these people attest that the delectation of contraception and the in statement of sexual education are abolishing core American values. The more extreme believe that women are too stupid to commence their own medical decisions. These right-wing radicals wage zealous wars on female sexuality and a womans right to her own body . Unsurprisingly abortion and contraception are hot topics among the anti-feminists movement. Radical Christians see abortion as an unforgivable sin, even in the case of rape, and contraception as something that should simply be outlawed. The majority of these factions are predominantly white, Christian males. Interestingly enough there are no groups that protest mens rights or claim that men have too much freedom over their bodies.The battle over womens rights to reproductive health care has recently taken a substantial healthy step backwards. In 2011 alone, 19 states have enacted a total of 162 new laws relating to reproductive health. Unsurprisingly, 49 percent of these work to restrict access to abortion services, shattering the previous record of 34 legalized restrictions passed... ...male-dominated-student-government-and-why-it-matters/.Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2010. In the Election of November 2010. U.S Census Bureau, Oct. 2011. Web. 02 Mar. 2012 . .The 2012 Statistical Abstract. U.S Census Bureau. U.S Census Bureau, 2012. Web. 3 Mar. 2012. .USA QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau. U.S Census Bureau. U.S Census Bureau, 17 Jan. 2012. Web. 03 Mar. 2012. .Facts on Contraceptive Use in the United States. Guttmacher Institute Home Page. Guttmacher Institute and the National sum total for Health Statistics, June 2012. Web. 04 Mar. 2012. .

The Work of John Steinbeck :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Work of gutter Steinbeck John Steinbeck was a major literary figure in the 20th century and continues to be widely read in the twenty-first century. Steinbeck was born on February 27,1902 (About John Steinbeck) in the Salinas Valley of California. (Laskov) His father, John Steinbeck, Sr. was the County Treasurer and his mother, Olive Hamilton Steinbeck, was a former school teacher. As a youth, he worked as a ranch hand and fruit picker. (John Steinbeck 2). He attended the local high school and studied ocean biology at Stanford University between 1920 and 1926, but did not take a degree (John Steinbeck 1). Steinbecks fascination with science and biology is evident in most of his works such as in this quote from the Grapes of Wrath Man, unlike any other thing organic or inorganic in the universe, grows beyond his work, walks up in the steps of his concepts, emerges ahead of his accomplishments. (Steinbeck 165) As Steinbeck began his writing career, he took many other blood l ines to support himself. For a short time, he worked at the the Statesn in New York City, and thence returned to California where he worked various jobs such as a painter and fruit-picker before taking a job as a caretaker for a Lake Tahoe Estate. (John Steinbeck 1) His job as a caretaker allowed him time to write and by the time he left the job in 1930 he had already published his first book, cupful of Gold (1929) and married his first wife Carol Henning (John Steinbeck 2). After his marriage he moved to Pacific Grove, California where, in the early 1930s, Steinbeck met Edward Ricketts, a marine biologist, whose views on the interdependence of all life deeply influenced Steinbecks novel To a God Unknown (1933). (John Steinbeck 2) Tortilla Flat (1935) was Steinbecks first successful novel. (John Steinbeck 2) Of Mice and Men (1937), a tier of shattered dreams, became Steinbecks first big success. In the same year appeared also The Red Pony. (John Steinbeck 2) With his feet firml y planted as a successful America author, Steinbeck had many more pieces published during the next twenty years, including The Pearl and The Grapes of Wrath (1939). The Grapes of Wrath was hugely popular and was later made into an equally popular movie. (John Steinbeck 2) John Steinbeck continued to write for the rest of his life, but many consider his writing career to have ended before he received the Nobel Prize.

Wind Power Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Wind PowerEnergy occupation causes more pollution than any other industry in the country. Currently, nearly all of the electric automobileity produced in the United States is generated by fossil fuel plants, nuclear plants, and hydroelectric plants. The build-up in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and other nursery gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels now threatens far-reaching climate change. In addition to global warming, conventional methods of electricity generation release the gases responsible for acid rain, siemens dioxide and nitrogen oxide. In order to prevent further degradation of our environment and successfully transition to a sustainable society, we must change our current patterns of production and consumption. Conservation and switching to renewable sources of pushing, such as wind power, are crucial steps to achieving this goal of sustainability. Wind power alone has the potential to go steady 20 percent or more of the worlds electricity needs within the next four to five years, (Johansson, 157). Wind power, however, is still a developing technology, and is consequently far from reaching its full potential. How Wind Machines WorkWind is the product of sunlight heating the surface of the Earth unevenly. Warmer atmospheric state rises and cooler air tumbles in to replace it, causing everything from gentle breezes to raging tornadoes. Whatever the amount of power in the wind, it can be harnessed by a car called a wind turbine. The most common type of wind turbine has a crosswise axis, with two or more aerodynamic blades mounted on the horizontal shaft, (AccessScience, Types of Wind Machines). As the wind passes over a turbines blade, pressure forms on the downwind side, thrusting it upward like a propeller. In these... ... states consumers the choice of who supplies their electric power and how that power is produced. With the implementation of at least some of these changes, wind power will eventually become a clean source of en ergy that all people can afford to rely on. SourcesAccessScience.com. keyword Wind Power.Carley, Sanya, Sierra Curtis-McLane, and Galen OToole. Renewable Energy at Swarthmore. April 15, 2001.Jacobson, Mark Z. and Gilbert M. Masters. Exploiting Wind Versus Coal. www.sciencemag.org. August 24, 2001Johansson, doubting Thomas B. Renewable Energy Sources for Fuels and Electricity. Island Press, Washington D.C., 1993.Raabe, Steve and Joey Bunch. Advocates Say Wind Power Progressing from Novelty to Mainstream Practicality. The Denver Post Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News. April 20, 2003.www.newwindenergy.comwww.pennfuture.org

Political Morality Essay -- essays research papers

In Websters dictionary, morality is defined as "principles of right and violate in conduct ethics." The principles of morality have countless multiplication evolved over the ages. In earlier times, death was an easy penalty for many crimes. These crimes today be considered minor and are penalized with a slap on the hand. Is this considered wrong? Who is the correct authority to consult on what is right or wrong? In todays society, two major(ip) factors concern how the way members of society act and behave. The starting line is our national organization. Members of our government in positions of authority decide everything in our lives in the form of laws which determine our behavior. One of the most important documents written by our government is the Declaration of Independence. The monarchy was taking away power from the colonists and putting more demands on. In return, the colonists declared their freedom from their tyrant. In this document, it states, "All men ar e created equal that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." The great men who wrote this down had a strong sense of morals. They believed that men were presumption rights by God that no one could take away. This is essential to the issue of morality because it determines the rights- that are agreed upon all- are wrong.This brings us to religion. Religion is a major contributor ...

Meaning and Texture of the Seventh Poem in Leaves of Grass Essay

Meaning and Texture of the Seventh Poem in Leaves of Grass   Walt Whitmans seventh poem in his work, Leaves of Grass, displays the subtlety with which the poet is able to manipulate the readers emotions. In this poem there be no particular emotional images, entirely the overall image painted by word choice and use of sounds is quite profound. This poem, like many others written by Walt Whitman, is somewhat somber in mood, but not morose. It is serious, but not to the blossom of gloom. Whitman writes concerning the general idea that everything is merged together and is one. One cannot die without being born, just as one cannot be a spawn without first having one. The purpose of the poem is to show those things that are real are true and holy, and even more importantly unified. In this poem he is speak as some sort of omnipotent being, perhaps God or a soul.   The tone or mood of the poem is delivered in the first stanza of the poem. He delves directly into birth and de ath, a sure sign that this poem will be no light reading. However, he uses a question to set the coif of the poem when he says, Has anyone supposed it lucky to be born? Questions are effective attention grabbers, but even more effective is Whitmans answer to the question. He produces an unorthodox response to the question, posing the answer that it is just as lucky to die. By giving such an odd answer to the question, he sets the stage for the counterbalance of the poem presenting ideas not necessarily considered orthodox. The whole poem revolves around the idea that things must constantly be looked at from other viewpoints, and this initial stanza serves to illustrate this point well.   The primary idea he sets forth in his poem is the idea ... ...et over. Whitman also uses commas in many of the longer lines. By doing this he forces the reader to vague down and not read the poem too quickly. The commas cause the reader to take in more because he/she will read the poem slow er, and consequently read the poem as it was meant to be read.   Whitman stresses the fundamental idea of nature in this, his seventh poem Everything is dependent-no one can be independent from everything. Therefore, we are all essentially one giant organism. A fundamental unity exists in nature, and we are a part of it. Independence is a concept that nada can truly understand, because everything is interdependent upon one another. The texture of the poem is very helpful in understanding its meaning. Whitmans structural brilliance shines through in this poem, percentage the reader grasp the concept that all things are but one.  

Meaning and Texture of the Seventh Poem in Leaves of Grass Essay

Meaning and Texture of the Seventh Poem in Leaves of Grass   Walt Whitmans seventh song in his work, Leaves of Grass, displays the subtlety with which the poet is able to manipulate the readers emotions. In this poem there be no particular emotional images, but the overall image painted by word choice and use of sounds is quite an profound. This poem, like many others written by Walt Whitman, is somewhat somber in mood, but not morose. It is serious, but not to the point of gloom. Whitman writes concerning the general idea that everything is corporate together and is one. One cannot die without being born, plainly as one cannot be a mother without first having one. The purpose of the poem is to show those things that atomic number 18 real are true and holy, and even more importantly unified. In this poem he is speaking as some sort of omnipotent being, by chance God or a soul.   The tone or mood of the poem is delivered in the first stanza of the poem. He delves dire ctly into birth and death, a sure stain that this poem will be no light reading. However, he uses a question to set the stage of the poem when he says, Has anyone supposed it lucky to be born? Questions are effective attention grabbers, but even more effective is Whitmans answer to the question. He produces an unorthodox response to the question, posing the answer that it is just as lucky to die. By giving such an odd answer to the question, he sets the stage for the rest of the poem presenting ideas not necessarily considered orthodox. The whole poem revolves around the idea that things must constantly be looked at from other viewpoints, and this initial stanza serves to illustrate this point well.   The primary idea he sets forth in his poem is the idea ... ...et over. Whitman also uses commas in many of the longer lines. By doing this he forces the reader to slow down and not read the poem alike quickly. The commas cause the reader to take in more because he/she will read the poem slower, and therefore read the poem as it was meant to be read.   Whitman stresses the ingrained idea of nature in this, his seventh poem Everything is dependent-no one can be independent from everything. Therefore, we are all essentially one giant organism. A fundamental unity exists in nature, and we are a part of it. Independence is a concept that nobody can truly understand, because everything is interdependent upon one another. The cereal of the poem is very helpful in understanding its meaning. Whitmans structural brilliance shines through in this poem, helping the reader grasp the concept that all things are but one.  

Criticism of Philosophers

There be al close to(prenominal) great philosophers who have had many great ideas over the centuries. These philosophers have had their ideas passed d avow to many people through the centuries, decades, and years. Fredric Nietzsche, Rene Decartes, and Socrates are philosophers that many philosophy students study. However, non everybody likes or agrees with these philosophers philosophies. The purpose of this paper is to add in approach patternation about the trine philosophers lives, work, and philosophies. Also, in this paper there get out be criticism of each of the philosophers.Lets begin with a discussion of Socrates. Socrates was a Greek philosopher who taught anformer(a) Greek philosopher named Plato. Even though Socrates is thought to be a great Greek philosopher, we have none of his writings. Therefore, many Greek scholars are not sure whether what is on the page is what Socrates taught Plato or Platos own thoughts. Socrates background is interesting, but now lets talk about some of Socrates philosophical views. Derek Johnston claims that Socrates thought that there was much good in the world til now he believed that virtue was the ultimate good.Johnston goes on to claim that Socrates firmly believed that no outside source could deprive people of virtue (Johnston, 2006, 11). In short, Socrates was mostly concerned with the branch of philosophy called moral philosophy. Socrates also firmly believed that the quest for knowledge was the most important thing and by obtaining knowledge about things is the alone way people become truly virtuous. Johnston also claims that Socrates was also attempting to find the true gist of ethical words such as true, good, and beautiful using the question and answer mode of inquiry.He also held firm that Socrates main article of faith was that knowledge equals virtue which can and is obtained through reason. In fact, Socrates held strongly that any opinion that someone had that wasnt based on reason should be f ling (Johnston, 2006, 11). Rene Descartes philosophy seemed to be based on doubt and certainty. Decartes began to build his philosophical stance by doubting everything that could be doubted. But, even Decartes believed that there were things that couldnt be called into question.The things that Decartes believed couldnt be called into question were his existence and the existence of God. Decartes believed that his existence couldnt be doubted because he was sitting down thinking about whether or not he existed, among other things. Therefore, he believed that if he doubted things then, he must exist. In other words, Decartes believed he thought therefore he was. He more excellently put it as I think therefore I am. The Latin for this saying is Cogito Ergo Sum (Johnston, 2006, 76).This argument is sometimes simply known as Cogito. Decartes also was a rationalist. Rationalists believe that there are things that have to be true and that there are things that have to be false. He also b elieved in the existence of God. His argument for the existence of God basically says that im consummate beings, which are humans, depend on their existence both beginning and continuing upon a perfect being which is God. In addition, according to Johnston, Decartes believed that minds are separate things from bodies (Johnston, 2006, 77).Both Socrates and Friedrich Nietzsche had a philosophical view that was based on ethics. Nietzsche was big on morality. He wished to locate a materialistic basis for his moral principles. At the beginning of his ethics, he believed that both good and evil were simply ways of illustrating that some actions were good for society and other actions were bad and didnt benefit society. But, later he thought of good and evil in absolute teams (Johnston, 2006, 142). Nietzsche attacks philosophy from an ethical standpoint however, he promoted only two sets of ethical values.One ethical value was pride in oneself and ruthlessness and philosophy, music, and po etry. Nietzsche thought there were some good ethical qualities that human beings could achieve however he believed that all human beings could strive to rush the good moral qualities but only a few exceptional human beings could actually get those good moral qualities. According to Johnston, Nietzsches noble man allow for have a cruel will and will sacrifice his fellow men. In addition, his noble man will be both disciplined and cunning in war (Johnston, 2006, 145).Nietzsches greatest philosophical view is called the Will to Power. Nietzsches Will to Power is the ultimate source of both what is and what will be for human beings. Strong people will be able to get the will to power and weaker people will not be able to get the will to power. According to Johnston, Nietzsches will to power allows peoples flowing moral judgments and values which are the moral judgments and values of society to be washed away forever. Then, and only, then can a new set of uncontaminated moral values and judgments emerge (Johnston, 2006, 147).In addition, a hero for Nietzsche is a man who rises above and beyond his fellow humans by the strength and will of his own powers be them physical or mental or both. His hero will never be sorry for his superiority in fact he should appetency and rejoice in it. Compare and Contrast It may seem as if because Socrates, Rene Decartes, and Fredric Nietzsche were born and lived at different times and in different centuries that none of these three philosophers philosophical views would have similarities to them. However, there are similarities to these three philosophers philosophies.Rest assured that there are differences in these three philosophers philosophies, but first lets rivet on the similarities of these three philosophers philosophical viewpoints. Both Socrates and Fredric Nietzsche subscribe to the school of philosophy called ethics. In fact, according to Johnston, Socrates view of life centered mostly on ethics and ethical concern s (Johnston, 2006, 11). Also, both Socrates and Nietzsche tried to find the real meaning of ethical terms such as good, trust, bad, and beautiful by means of asking questions and acquire answers.In fact, Socrates used the question and answer method to inquire into many moral definitions and many moral issues such as justness. Nowhere is this question and answer method of philosophical inquiry more apparent than in Platos dialogue called The Republic. In Platos dialogue The Republic through Socrates Plato explored both the definition of justice and the concept of justice itself. Plato also talked about what philosophy is and the many types of government that is used to run a state. Plato even talked about what he believed was the best form of government.Both Socrates and Nietzsche believed that there was one thing that would make people virtuous. Socrates believed that possessing knowledge and Nietzsche believed that having the strength of will was the ultimate virtue. In addition, both Socrates and Nietzsche also believed that few people will ever achieve either virtue. These are the only similarities amidst the three philosophers Descartes, Socrates, and Nietzsche. These three philosophers had more differences between them than similarities. Lets look at thee differences between them now.

Country Review: China Essay

The year 2008 has been a colorful year for china, with a lot of til nowts to highlight the unsophisticated all year round. The Olympic Games was one of its or so successful endeavors for the year. But the rustic also had its share of contr all oversies this year, worry issues on food contamination and galore(postnominal) more. Before the Olympic Games kicked off, one of the issues being discussed was the quality of chinawares air. It is very important since the Olympic Games is a major sports event. In an oblige from BBC password, chinaware has confirmed that the air quality of the host city Beijing has been good (Bristow).The pollution level of the area was able to meet the expected standards on all daylight that the event and this is the output of extensive measures breake in order to reduce the emissions during the Olympic Games. Another historic event for China was the countrys first successful spacewalk, which was a part of a 68-hour voyage in space. All three astro nauts successfully returned to the Beijing Aerospace Center after their three day mission in outer space(Yinan). China was the third country to conduct a spacewalk, behind the United States of America and Russia.The crew of Shenzhou VII safely come in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, marking the end of their space escapade which has started on folk 25, 2008. In relation to the two previous news articles, China had enough reason to celebrate its National Day last Monday because of their hosting of the Olympic Games in Beijing and the countrys first ever spacewalk. In a Yahoo News article, China highlighted on these two events as their biggest triumphs for the year, despite other issues like natural calamities, ethnic problems, and food safety scandals (Chang).In Chinese Premier Wen Jiabaos address, he touched lightly on the calamities and problems but gave focus on Chinas ability to perplex shell out of all these issues. The 59th founding anniversary of the Peoples Republic of China is this coming Wednesday, and it would also mark thirty years of economic reforms, turning the country into one of the worlds largest factory floors. One of the calamities that shook China this year was a 7. 8 magnitude earthquake last August 12.In a BBC News article, it was reported that almost 900 students are buried in a school building that collapsed when it was hit by the killer quake (BBC News Hundreds Buried by China Quake). The quake hit Sichuan provinces capital Chengdu, claiming hundreds of lives instantly. The rubbles of the Juyuan Middle Schools building buried a lot of teenagers, some of which are still alive and desperately crying for help. President Hu Jintao immediately ordered an all out effort to help and fork over the victims of the killer earthquake.In another BBC News article dated August 10, 2008, seven militants and a security guard immediately died after a series of bombings hit west China, specifically in the northwest area of the Xinjiang region (BBC News Deadly Violence constitutes West China ). These acts of violence targeted a legal philosophy station and other populated areas. Xinjiang has a large population of Muslim Uighurs, and some of them are separatists, fighting for independence and waging low level campaigns against the Chinese regularise for several years already. In the aspect of foreign affairs, China also had its share of problems.In a Yahoo News article dated folk 29, Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jabao said that there is a need for more negotiation regarding Irans nuclear program, rather than pressuring them more (Yahoo News). He regarded that major powers like China should focus more on pursuing peaceful talks to countries such as Iran, rather than resorting to the use of force and intimidation. He is more focused on the resolution of the problem in a peaceful way, rather than being rash and using force, which would just heighten the tensions mingled with the countries.According to the Prime Minister, Ir an has the right to develop and utilize nuclear energy under the norms set by the international community, as long as they dont build weapons of mass destruction like atomic bombs. The Prime Minister also suggested that these actions should be under close observation by the UNs atomic watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency. China was also affected by the increasing oil prices. In a BBC News article, Chinas trade surplus was greatly affected by the increasing oil bells, wherein it fell 10% in May (BBC News Oil Costs Hit China Trade Surplus).The main reason for this is the drastic increase in the cost of imported energy such as oil, and other edged materials being used by the country. However, reports showed that despite Chinas surplus is slowed, it still remains high compared to other countries. This is a manifestation of Chinese economys resilience despite some slowdowns in other countries like the United States. Experts said that export components were expected to slow down throughout the year because of the increasing cost of oil, but so far China has been doing well.In the wellness aspect China has experienced several problems throughout the year. In a Los Angeles Times article dated May 4, 2008, China issues a virus alert after 23 people were killed and left 4,000 others sick (Demick). The Chinese Health Ministry issued a nationwide alert so that people would be informed and to fend off the possibility of a cover-up. The cause of the problem was the Enterovirus-71, which has also claimed lives in neighboring countries like Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, and Vietnam.This virus is a perennial case in Asia, especially in the hot and humid summer months. More deaths are expected, as the disease unremarkably peaks in the Months of June and July, as the Health Ministry warned. This has caused a lot of people to be cautious, wherein very few children or infants are seen on the streets, and even adults are even afraid to go out of their houses as they greatly fear the killer disease. The virus is characterized by occurrence of fever, and the development of sores in the mouth and facial area, and with virulent rashes.According to the World Health Organization, most cases are not fatal, as long as the people maintain a good hygiene. One of the most controversial issues faced by China this year was substandard food and other products that they import. In an article in The Guardian, dated April 22, 2008, China issues jail bane in their new food safety law (Branigan). This newly drafted law states that the manufacturers who produce food items which are substandard could be facing a bread and butter behind bars if proven guilty.This is the governments response to allegations that the country is lenient in the aspect of food safety, thats why producers would often take advantage of the situation and produce fake baby formula, drugs, and even toys with dangerous materials. This law would encompass not only food products but also cosm etics in order for them to boost the confidence of domestic consumers. The latest of Chinas substandard products scandals was the discovery of melamine in various food items, especially in milk products.Melamine is a binding agent for boards and fibers, and is also an ingredient in making fertilizers. In an article in the M&C Health News dated phratry 19, 2008, Chinese health inspectors found melamine in fresh milk of three leading manufacturers in the country (M&C Health News). This testing and management was a government response to the contaminated milk scandal which has claimed the lives of several infants in the previous days. This has lead to nationwide inspection of milk and milk products, and many companies have already ordered a recall for their products in the world market.Works Cited BBC News. Deadly Violence Hits West China . 2008. BBC News. family line 30 2008. . . Hundreds Buried by China Quake. 2008. BBC News. September 30 2008. . . Oil Costs Hit China Trade Surplu s. 2008. BBC News. September 30 2008. . Branigan, Tania. China Issues Jail Threat in New Food Safety Law. 2008. The Guardian. September 30 2008. . Bristow, Michael. China Jumps Olympics Air Hurdle . 2008. BBC News. September 30 2008. . Chang, Anita. China Marks Olympics, Spacewalk for National Day. Yahoo News. September 30 2008. . Demick, Barbara. China Issues Virus Alert after 23 Die. 2008. Los Angeles Times. September 30 2008. .M&C Health News. Chinas Melamine Scandal Spreads to Fresh Milk . 2008. Monsters and Critics. September 30 2008. . Yahoo News. Dispute over Iran Requires More Negotiations Chinese Pm. 2008. Yahoo News. September 30 2008. . Yinan, Hu. Space Heroes Get a Rapturous Welcome. 2008. China Daily. September 30 2008. .

British Monarchy and comparison with Turkey

The join Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a positive and transmitted monarchy. In practice, it is a democracy operating by a parliawork forcet system (a system in which supreme authority is held by the legislature) under(a) a figurehead sovereign who reigns but does not rule. The British parliament system, with a head of state who is not the head of governmental science, has been a model for numerous other countries. Wales and England (excluding Greater London) atomic number 18 divided into counties and metropolitan counties, which atomic number 18 heavily populated areas. All counties are subdivided into districts.Each county and district has an elective council (Coleman, 2006). A government reorganization, effectual in 1974, greatly reduced the number of topical anesthetic administrative units and redrew county boundaries. Thesis Statement This study scrutinizes the differences and similarities between British monarchy and the government system of joke ster thus, it likewise figures out the differences between constitutional monarchy and republic and gives idea of what absolute monarchy and a constitutional monarchy are. II. Discussion A. Differences and Similarities o British Monarchy Constitution.The British constitution is not to be found in any single written document. It is a body of rules consisting partly of written material and partly of established principles and practices known as conventions. It includes past documents such as Magna Charta, the Petition of Right 91628), and the Bill of Rights (1689). It includes certain basic statutes (laws). And it includes rules established by common law (Winter, 2003). Rules of the constitution can be changed lone about(prenominal) by an act of parliament or through establishment of a modernistic convention by usage and ecumenical acceptance.Composition of Government. Parliament, although supreme, governs in the name of the poll (monarch). There are three organs of governmentl egislature, executive, and judiciary. ? The legislature consists of the two house of Parliament and the Queen (whose perfunctory assent must be given up before a bill becomes a law). ? The executive consists of the cabinet and other ministers (officials) of the Crown administrative departments staffed by Civil Service employees and usu all(prenominal)y headed by ministers local authorities and boards created by statute to operate various industries and services.The Queen is melodyally the head of the executive body. The ministry, representing the political party in check out of Parliament, is called Her Majestys government or the government (Crowl, 2002). ? The judiciary, of which the Queen is nominally the head, is independent of both the legislature and the executive. Crown. The inheritance of the throne goes to the eldest son and his heirs, or if there is no son the eldest daughter and her heirs, or if there are no children to the eldest brother and his heirs. Elizabeth II su cceeded her father, George VI, in 1952.The Queen acts in governmental matters only on the advice of her ministers, and by convention may not refuse to act on such advice. Not only her approval but her participation is involve in the conduct of government. She summons and dissolves Parliament, approve bills, and signs state papers. She approves the appointment of all ministers of the Crown and gives her consent to the formation of a cabinet. In doing so, she sometimes has a plectron in selecting a new prime minister. In consulting with her ministers she may exercise some influence over policy (Morgan, 2004).Because of the sovereigns central economic consumption in the function of government, British law provides for the appointment of a regent to act in the event that the sovereign is unable to perform the responsibilities of the Crown. As formal head of the British Commonwealth of Nations, the Queen is the symbol of Commonwealth unity. In addition to her roles in government, she is head of the armed forces and temporal head of the Church of England. The confidential Council assist the Queen in issuing Orders in Council and purplish proclamations. It is largely an honorary body that acts on decisions made by ministers or Parliament.It is composed of all cabinet members and more than 300 eminent persons selected, for life, by the Queen upon the recommendation of the prime minister. Parliament. The upper house of Parliament is the menage of Lords, in which membership is hereditary or by appointment the lower is the House of Commons, an elective body. ? The House of Lords has more than 1,000 members, consisting of royal princes (who take no active role), hereditary peers and peeresses, spiritual lords (archbishops and precedential bishops of the Church of England), and life by the Queen upon the recommendation of the prime minister).The life peers include Lords of Appeal, jurists who serve as justices when the House functions as a court of arouse (Crowl, 20 02). All hereditary Scottish peers are entitled to seats in the house of lords, but Irish peers ate excluded unless they hold peerages of Great Britain or the United Kingdom. Only about 150 members actually attend. The House of Lords has limited power. It can neither reject nor amend legislation dealing with finances, but can detention other kinds of legislation for one year. The House of Lords thus serves as a check on hasty action by the Commons. Members of the House of Commons, called members of Parliament (M.P. s) are elected by universal adult suffrage. Parliament cannot sit indefinitely, but must be dissolved at least once every volt years. General elections are called after it is dissolved (Coleman, 2006). The prime minister is responsible for determining when a general election is held and may call for one at any time within the five-year period. One member is elected from each of 635 constituencies (electoral districts determined by population). A member does not have to live in the constituency from which he is elected. A by-election is held within an individual constituency when a vacancy occurs (Randle, 2001).The political party or coalition of parties holding the majority of seats in the House of Commons provides the prime minister, usually the acknowledged party leader. The prime minister chooses the other ministers of the Crown and designates certain ones to be members of the cabinet. A small number of ministers are taken from the House of Lords, the majority from the Commons. The largest minority party in the House of Commons leads the official Opposition. The House of Commons normally adopts the bills proposed by the government and affirms its program.However, if the government follows a course displeasing to the House of Commons, a vote of confidence is taken (Randle, 2001). If it is negative, the government must resign. Generally, Parliament is then dissolved and a general election is held. The Cabinet and the Ministry. Under the leadersh ip of the prime minister, the cabinet and the ministry perform the executive functions in the British government. The cabinet is composed of the most important ministers, usually not more than 20. The ministry includes all heads of administrative departments.Some are known as secretaries of state, some as ministers, and some by special titles, such as the chancellor of the Exchequer. There are also ministers who are not department heads. Other members of the ministry are the Lord Chancellor and law officers (Morgan, 2004), deputy ministers known as ministers of state, and junior-grade ministers known as parliamentary secretaries or undersecretaries of state. Judicial System. The House of Lords is the highest court of appeal for civil cases and for certain criminal cases. The Supreme Court of Judicature, composed of the naughty Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal, deals with important civil cases.Minor cases are tried in county courts. Criminal cases may be appealed to the Co urt of Criminal Appeal, after creation tried in assize courts or magistrates courts (Morgan, 2004). Trial by jury is used for all but minor crimes. Administration of the judicial system is shared by the Lord Chancellor and the home secretary, both members of the cabinet. Defense. The three branches of British armed forces are the army, the Royal Air Force, and the Royal Navy (which includes the Royal marines). Civilian control is exercised by the secretaries of state of war and air and the first lord of the admiralty (Randle, 2001).All three are responsible to the minister of defense, a member of the cabinet. o Turkey The res publica of Turkey was proclaimed in 1923, with Kemal Atturk as its first president. Far-reaching political, social, and economic reforms were put into effect. Ataturk abolished the sultanate and later exiled all Ottoman heirs. He did away with old traditions associated with the empiremen could no longer wear the fez (a hat), nor women the veil. Women were giv en political and civil rights equal to those of men. Church and state were separated (Spencer, 2003) , and the property of the mosques nationalized.Universal education and a new law code were introduced. When many of these changes were not accepted by the people, Ataturk assumed unlimited dictatorial powers. After his death in 1938, the premier, Ismet Inonu, was elected president. By the Montreux Cinvention of 1936, Turkey was given the right to fortify the Dardanelles and Bosporus straits. Treaties of alliance were signed with Great Britain and France in 1939. During World War II, Turkey remained neutral until 1944, when it broke relations with Germany (Weiker, 2001). The following year, it stated war on Germany and Japan. Government.Turkey has been a republic since 1923 as mentioned earlier. Under the constitution to the Third Republic (1982), executive power is vested in the president, legislative power in the National Assembly, and judicial power in independent course. The presi dent (head of state) is chosen by the national Assembly for a seven-year term. He is assisted by a state advisory council, composed of former presidents and military chiefs of staff. From among the national Assembly (Hale, 2001), the president appoints a prime minister (head of government0, who in turn selects the other ministers to form the Council of Ministers (cabinet).The national Assembly is composed of 450 deputies popularly elected for five-year terms. The president has the power to dissolve the national Assembly and rule under emergency powers. The judicial system consists of civil, administrative, military, and constitutional courts. The regular civil courts include courts of first instance (courts having original jurisdiction), central criminal courts, and commercial courts. The highest tribunal is the court of cassation, which is a court of appeals (Weiker, 2001). local anesthetic Government. Turkey is divided into 67 administrative divisions it calls ils, each named for its chief city.An il is subdivided into ilces, and these in turn into bucaks. At the head of each il are a governor, representing the central government, and an elected council. Military Affairs. Turkey maintains a regular army, navy, and air force. In addition, there is the Jandarma, a rural police force. Military service is dogmatic for all men after the age of 20 for a 20-month period. B. Difference of absolute monarchy, constitutional monarchy and republic. Absolute monarchy pertains to the absolute power of the might or queer as the ruler of the country.The power has bestowed in him/her to do the things he/she wishes to do. On the other hand, constitutional monarchy is under the ruling of the king however its accompanied with the constitution. The king or queen cannot decide for himself/herself or make any moves which are not written under the constitution (Bogdanor, 1997). Every decision should be in line in the constitution of the said country. When we say republic, it pe rtains to a country in which both the head of the state and the members of the legislature are elected directly or indirectly by the people.Most of the nations of the world today, including the United States and the Soviet Union, are republics. The rest, in most instances, are monarchies, in which the head of the state (a king, queen, or prince) comes into office through inheritance. III. Conclusion In conclusion, many people are not happy under these kinds of monarchies because they dont see the function of the royal families anymore. People are all feed up and see that monarchies are a way of showing selfishness to power because only the blood line of the king or queen can inherit the throne and not giving a chance to others.In 1980 in Turkey, after renewed violence between political factions, the armed forces seized control of the government, disbanded parliament, suspended the constitution, and established a ruling junta of military officers. Within two year, the junta achieved political stability and eased some of the coutnrys economic difficulties. Reference 1. Bogdanor, Vernon (1997). The Monarchy and the Constitution. Clarendon Press. Oxford. 2. Coleman, Francis (2006). Great Britain the Land and Its People (MacDonald). 3. Crowl, P. A. (2002). The Intelligent Travelers Guide to Historic Britain (St.Martins Press). 4. Hale, William (2001). The Political and Economic increase of Modern Turkey (St. Martins Press). 5. Morgan, K. O. (2004). The oxford Illustrated History of Britain (Oxford University). 6. Randle, John. (2001). Understanding Britain a History of the British People and Their Culture (Basil Blackwell). 7. Spencer, William (2003). The Land and People of Turkey, revised edition (Harper & Row). 8. Weiker, W. F. (2001). The modernisation of Turkey from Ataturk to the present Day (Holmes & Meier). 9. Winter, Gordon (2003). The Country Life Picture Book of Britain (Norton

Aids Vaccine 1

Currently, there is not a vaccinum for the AIDS virus, nevertheless things have been progressing toward an effective one for many age. An AIDS vaccine can be effective in two slipway. Hopefully we can come up with a vaccine to prevent or stay illness in those already infected. A preventative vaccine is a substance introduced into the human consistence that teaches the immune system to detect and destroy a pathogen. Another way would be through a therapeutic vaccine to prevent or delay illness in those already infected. The basic idea behind all AIDS vaccines is to encourage the human immune system to fight the virus.Early vaccine look for focused on teaching the immune system to produce antibodies that would block the virus from entering human cells. However, products designed to work this way failed in clinical trials because the antibodies worked only against lab-cultured human immunodeficiency virus, not against the strains of the virus. Research has plant that a small num ber of HIV infected people produce broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV. Those antibodies neutralize a blue percentage of the several(predicate) types of HIV. These antibodies are now the basis for new look into into vaccine development.There are several reasons that developing a vaccine is a onerous challenge for scientists. Currently no one has yet to recover from an HIV infection, so there is not a natural mechanism to imitate in a vaccine. Soon after being infected, HIV inserts its genetic material into human cells, where it corpse hidden from the immune system. HIV also occurs in different forms and is constantly changing, meaning that HIV is highly variable. Another reason is that there arent any good animal models to use in experiments for testing, except for the new research conducted by scientists located in Oregon.There have been recent developments from scientists at Oregon Health Science University in developing an AIDS vaccine in rhesus monkey monkeys. The scient ists discuss cytomegalovirus, or CMV, which they claim most people become infected with during their childhoods. This virus persists in its human hosts for life without causing harm and they theorize that it may be an answer to help find a vaccine for the AIDS virus. Using CMV as a vehicle may overcome the hurdle in discovering a vaccine for the virus.In the study, vaccinated monkeys kept a protective force of killer T-cells in circulation. Because CMV persists and constantly stimulates the immune system, it maintains combat readiness, claims Louis Picker, a scientist at OSHUs Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center in Hillsboro, Oregon. (Rojas-Burke). The basic idea of using CMV is that it remains in our system for life, which means that it could be used as a vaccine carrier and produce lifelong immunity to the AIDS virus. It keeps large come of immune system soldiers out at the frontlines all the time, basically for life, waiting for that pathogen invasion, and it catches HIV early when its still weak, says Picker. He is still looking at ways to alter the virus to limit its ability to replicate in people, which he figures will take three years of work to make a vaccine candidate ready for human clinical trials. (Rojas-Burke). There is still hope though in finding a vaccine for the virus, since we know that it took many years to develop one for other diseases, such as polio.People remain healthy for several years after becoming infected with HIV. In addition, neutralizing antibodies that have been found among a minority of people suggest that the immune system can be effective in controlling HIV. Aderem, A. (2011). Fast Track to Vaccines. Scientific American, 304(5), 66-71. Retrieved from EBSCOhost Munier, C. , Andersen, C. R. , & Kelleher, A. D. (2011). HIV Vaccines Progress to Date. Drugs, 71(4), 387-414. Retrieved from EBSCOhost Rojas-Burke, Joe. An AIDS Vaccine Developed by Oregon Scientists Stops Infections in a n Animal Model. The Oregonian 11 May 2011. Web. 16 Aug. 2011.

Discuss the Journeys Represented in the Happiest Refugee

A expedition is a physical or psychological adventure that takes from one place to another. Various types of Journeys endure be seen clearly in the three texts studied this year The Happiest Refugee extract, written by Ann. DOD in 2010, The Silver Donkey novel by lad Hairnets in 2004 and the film Bend It Like Beckman directed by Grinder Chad in 2002. The techniques that the composer uses to express the journeys atomic number 18 personification, onomatopoeia, repetition, similes, fictions, medical specialty and acting skills. In The Happiest Refuge, there are both physical and emotional Journeys.The extract s ab step up Vietnam refugees escape from their war-torn country in an overcrowded, battered boat. The aim of their Journey was to safely celestial orbit Australia. Throughout their physical Journey they had to overcome many problems. For example when refugees boat engine started spluttering, the reader is in suspense because the refugees Journey could come to an end. The engine was spewing out thick petrol fumes This adduce uses the technique personification to unfolds the reader a better description and mental picture of the physical Journey. Ann. DOD in addition uses onomatopoeia to create a more vivid image of the experience.For example, when the patrol boat starts shooting at the refugees, their life is at risk. Bang Bang Bang The technique onomatopoeia communicates the danger of the physical Journey and how all of their hard work, effort and preparation could all come to a halt so easily. Emotional Journeys are besides represented in The Happiest Refugee. Throughout their overall Journey, the refugees faced emotions of fear, hope, relief and frustration. They were in constant fear that they could be caught by the army. In one case, pirates approached their boat forcing them to give over all of their goods. The refugees were in a state of shock and horror. We stood there silent and numb, like sheep awaiting slaughter. Ann. DOD uses a sim ile to describe the emotions that the refugees were facing. The simile expresses the scent of fright and makes the reader feel the same way. In other situations, feelings of weakness are conveyed. SHUT UP The pirates created emotional Journeys for the refugees as they made them feel vulnerable. The quote is an example of the confidence and power of the pirates because of the emotive language as well as the exclamation mark and capital letters o stress the words. speculative and physical Journeys are represented in The Silver Donkey.The novel is about two sisters who find a wounded soldier in the woods. The soldier is hard to get back home so the children help and take care of him. The soldier tells the journeys. For example in one of the tales, an old donkey named Hazel is told to declare a pregnant woman a far distance. The donkey has to try and make it the distance since he is very weak to show his loyalty to his owner. Steadily, steadily she walked keeping the dancing baby safe The author uses the technique repetition and alliteration to convey the imaginary Journey. This is not a real life Journey it is the soldier making up a story.Another type of Journey that is conveyed in The Silver Donkey is the physical Journey of the soldier. The soldier has fled from the awful environment of war. He has been physically damaged resulting in weakness and suffering psychological blindness. The soldier struggled to see the boy through the lingering fog in his eyes This metaphor represents the physical Journey of his blindness. In the film Bend It Like Beckman there are both cultural and emotional Journeys. It is bout an Indian girl, Jess, who loves to play soccer although her family is totally against it as its not their tradition.Jess has a special talent for the sport and knows that she can succeed in it as a career so she lies to her parents and in secret Joins a soccer team. Jess cultural Journey begins when she decides that she is not going to follow her Indian culture as she cant be herself and please her family. Throughout the film Jess is teddy between her fake, home Indian life and her real, outside soccer life. This cultural Journey is represented through music. When Jess is at home, vying an Indian lifestyle, there is sad, Indian music playing.Then when she is outside playing soccer there is upbeat, Joyful music playing. This technique displays that Jess is not intellectual with wanting to follow her Indian cultural values and is happier creation herself. The emotional Journey of Jess parents is how they go for to learn to accept who Jess is and what she wants to do with her life. At first her parents are strict on her, not wanting her to play at all but they eventually saw the talent their daughter had and accepted it. Their emotional Journey comes from being ashamed and annoyed to coming proud and happy for their child.This Journey is conveyed from the use of drama and emotions of the actors. When the parents are ashamed , their attitude is angry and disappointed and then when their emotions towards their daughter change they have a more positive attitude. When they have a positive attitude their face softens and their eyes become more warming. In conclusion the three texts studied display the types of emotional, physical, imaginary and cultural Journeys. These Journeys are clearly expressed through the techniques such as personification, onomatopoeia, repetition, music and acting skills.

How to Tame a Wild Tongue Essay

The writer dialogue within relation to a dilemma she faced just slightly her own oral communication and how she represents herself through her language. Gloria Anzaldua who is a Chicano negotiation about how Chicanas have problems expressing their feelings. Since they lack a native language, instead it is a product of several languages. And their language Chicano Spanish has incorporated bits and pieces of several versions of Spanish.The author speaks about people who are n both Spanish nor hump in a country in which Spanish is the first language for a people who live in a country in which English is the reigning tongue but who are non Anglo for a people who cannot entirely identify with either standard Spanish no standard English. So she emphasizes the importance to have their owned language. A language which they can connect their identity to , one up to(p) of communicating the realities and values true to themselves- a language that comprises a variation of two languages.I k new after reading the first few paragraphs of Anzalduas How to civilise a Wild Tongue (1987) that she was going to have a lot to say. In this passage Anzaldua expresses the challenges she faced growing up in America as a Chicano. She gives a brief breakdown of who she is, where she comes from and which languages she prefers to speak. Her argument starts off explaining how she was made to be ashamed of existing. She then walks us through how she overcame the tradition of silence.Inspired by Mexican movies since her childhood, it was the shock of reading a published Chicano novel that gave her the strength to bite back. She wrote When I saw poetry written in Tex-Mex for the first time, a feeling of pure joy flashed through me. I felt like we really existed as people (pg40). As a child she was told by the dental practitioner that he had never seen allthing as strong and stubborn as her tongue. It would push out wads of cotton, drills and needles. It was her tongue that would got her three licks on the knuckles at recess if she was caught speaking Spanish in school.She writes I remember being sent to the corner of the classroom for talking back to the Anglo teacher when all I was attempt to do was tell her how to pronounce my name. If you want to be American, speak American. If you dont like it, then go back to Mexico where you belong (pg34). lecture cannot be separated from the culture as an independent aspect. Any language is a culture itself and there is no language in the world which does not express the heart and spirit of people who speak this language.Gloria Anzaldua is famous for her books written in an amusing blend of English and all possible Spanish dialects she wrote about the numerous layers that could be found when studying thoroughly any language, and she also used Spanglish as it is impossible to stop the assimilation of the cultures and languages. She also argues that there is a linguistic terrorism makes her language constantly change. I tota lly agree with her and firmly believe that this mimicry is not positive assimilation but a gradual wiping off the limits holding connection between people and their history, traditions and roots.It seems to me, people have stopped appreciating the non-material values, such as language. This issue is widely discussed but does not seem to be altered though. I think we start losing our genuine culture because of unwilling to read classical literature or have any particular interest in the way the language is built. When reading Anzaldua I thought about how stubborn she was in her intention to sharpen everything she did. I prize her skill to listen and to her, she taught me to be attentive to what people actually say. I felt deeply sorry about linguistic terrorism happening with Chicano language and I hope for better.

Akshaya Patra

Meal Programs in India Although 50 percent of Indians children were malnourished, the provision of midday meals was sporadic and in many places non-existent. Responding to pressure from the Indian people, the Supreme Court of India passed an order on November 28, 20014, which mandated Cooked midday meal is to be revived in all told the government and government-aided primary schools in all the states.Inconsistent nutrient quality, occasional food poisoning, poor hygiene, and operational concerns were among the complications to the provision of government-sponsored midday meals. The meals were prepared by teachers, who cooked the same meal every day. Today, through the partnership with the Government of India and unhomogeneous State Governments, as well as philanthropic donors the organization runs the mid-day meal programmer. Built on a public-private partnership, Sashay Patria combines good management, innovative technology and chic engineering to deliver a atrocious and hygieni c school lunch.Financial Sashay Patria, believe in absolute transparency in all our activities. Transparency, especially for an MONGO, is the notice to trust and reliability. Sashay Patria upholds absolute transparency in all its activities. They have also apply the latest principles of fair value accounting and recognize all in kind donations. Organizations best practices have always resulted in keeping the operational expenditure to a fraction of revenues earned. This has resulted to optimize the administration and fundraising costs.

Literacy: Mrs. Fleming Essay

There are few original skills in life that are of greater importance than the ability to fagvass and understand the written word. It pot take a person of any background as far as they can dream. This is truly evident in the essay, Superman and Me, by Sherman Alexie which checks of the authors struggle growing up unworthy on a Native American reservation in Washington State. From a young age, his literacy became Alexies saving grace, thanks to his father who inspired him to begin version. This inspiration changed the path of his life.I, too, was inspired and encouraged at a young age to be a great reader by my Mother and a special teacher. I am thankful to my Mother for starting me on my path to literacy. I grew up in a house full of paroles, music and loud women. My Mom was never without a disk in her hand, my middle sister loved to sing and write poetry and my oldest sister unendingly had her octet tracks blaring. From the time that I was tiny, I wanted to be just equiv alent my Mother. She had beautiful hair, perfect makeup, and loving flowing dresses.Since I was too young for these things, I latched on to something else that my mother loved books. Alexie felt some(prenominal) the same way about his Father. Alexie writes, My father loved books and since I loved my father with an aching devotion, I decided to love books as well (89). My Mother and I spent many hours roaming the library aisles for our beside great read. She encouraged me to try new authors and different genres. I disc everywhereed Judy Blume and even attempted Charles devil and Louisa Mae Alcott.My Mom challenged me each summer to read as many books as I could and she was always hold for me to tell her all about them. Mama and I still recommend books to one another and tell each other all about the characters that we meet in between the pages of our latest book. I was golden enough to have many fantastic teachers during my school years. One teacher In particular is my sixth gr ade teacher, Mrs. Elizabeth Fleming. I was a twelve year old girl that felt awkward and self-conscience and Mrs. Fleming always found a way to boost my self-confidence.She madeit a point to compliment me every solar day on anything from how I read aloud in class or what I was wearing or my hair style. Mrs. Flemings interest in me built up my self-esteem by leaps and bounds. We also bonded over our mutual love of books. Mrs. Fleming would take the time to ask about a book I was reading and recommend others that she thought I might like. She found ways to let me know that she loved that I was so excited about reading even if it was just a sweet smile that seemed like it was just for me. Mrs. Fleming made me feel special. As an adult, I have, on occasion, run in to Mrs.Fleming and even aft(prenominal) all these years she still remembers me as her little bookworm. I am thankful to have had the offer and encouragement throughout my life to keep me reading and learning. It come ons to day as I show my children how mutation and entertaining it can be to read a good book I love to read with my girls and the sound of their voice reading on their own is like music to my ears. As I continue my education I hope that they can see through me that a love of reading can take you anywhere you want to go. So dream bigand go read a book

El Nino Fidencio the Mythical Curandero

El Nino Fidencio The Mythical Curandero Throughout the book Curanderismo Mexican American Folk Healing Trorrer and Chavira advance mention of el Nino Fidencio in countless atomic number 18as of the book. It is mentioned that one of the most master(prenominal) uncannyist movement is ground on the life teaching, and the spirit of a famous young syndicate healer (now dead) from northern Mexico el Nino Fidencio (199735). Even today el Nino is an important get a line in many another(prenominal) aspects of the belief system and rehearse associated with the Curanderismo folk healing.History p displaces a major role in floriculture when it comes to establishing religion and medical practices, which in the cuticle of the Mexican Curanderos many times martyrs or perhaps sight with supernatural or mythical abilities lay the foundation for the belief system and its practice. Consequently, this allows such sight (those with supernatural abilities) to compose nonesuchs thus becoming an important dower of the Catholic faith, which has travel syncratic with the traditional folk healing system.What is interesting about el Nino and his legacy, is that he not only(prenominal) serves as an potent figure in the history of Curanderismo only when also plays a large role in the spiritual practices and the contemporary culture associated with the Mexican folk healing practices. In a modern society where immigration has promoted syncretism and a separation between those who fluent live in or near Mexico and those who have move to other regions causing them to lose many of their traditional beliefs and practices el Nino serves as an icon from the folk saint movement that fosters draw a culture and the tidy sum back down together.One of the things the turned Fidencio into a saint and a man of great power was the vision or phantasm that he had of a bearded man with a halo who came to him under a tree when he was a young man right after he had been run off by the f amily with which he had been living with this is what he says he was told in his hallucination. Fidencio, you ar called to a very high destiny. I prescribe in your eyes a marvelous curative power, which impart serve to alleviate the suffering of those with pain.I choke you this prophesy power only for the good of humanity, only in order to that you will cure those who are deserving, never for you to enrich yourself with it, not to benefit those who do not deserve such good things (197391) What caused Fidencio to become so well stickd was not only the circumstance that he had a gift merely the expressive style in which he came to understand develop and use his gift for healing. Many saints receive divine intervention, which leads them on a particular path.When taking on such a role as Fidencio did he make the decision to leave the secular world behind to enter into a practice, which is often irresolute and perceived based upon the fact that it involved dabbling in the supern atural and the lines between good and evil are thin. The curandero is catched different from ordinary people, and this difference produces respect, distrust, and even fear. Sometimes it produces the accusation that the curandero is a brujo, a witch, doing antisocial dissimulation so not everyone feels drawn to this profession (1997 110).However, Fidencio was not perceived in such a bearing he was known to give, and share with the people. Thus using his gifts as instructed by what many refer to as the heavenly father, for good striving to benefit those around him as he was told to do. It is said that, Fidencio certain his mission and devoted the remainder of his life to curing. But from time to time intense fatigue would check his resolve. On these instances he would weep and say that he has been ordered to cure and had no choice but to do so (197391).In doing so he inspired others and created a legacy that would be remembered and celebrated immense after his death. The fidenci stas (Fidencios followers) have built a number of temples (called centros) in Mexico as well as in the United States where Mexican immigration are prevalent. Such temples are important when it comes to the practice of spiritual curanderimo. This is because although many of the foundational aspects if folk healing stem from some of the methods used by Fidencio mediums who work in the spiritual earth have special gifts thus they look to the guidance of Fidencios spirit.This has created a sort of sub culture or cult in which those who have the ability to become a medium sometimes involve to spend their lives living and working in such temples. The centros are staffed by trance mediums who, often go into trance, and (in their words) let the spirit of el Nino descend on them, their bodies forming a link between the material and spiritual realms of existence. Through this linkage, the immortal spirit of el Nino performs cure, does consultations, even predicts the outcome of future event s for members of his cult (1997 35).Followers of Fidencio and other liquor tend to have very much more than religious beliefs due to the fact that they are wholly pore on doing their work through with(predicate) the guidance, protection and possession by that saint. Although it is interesting to note that people consider the curenderos to be a saints because of the connection that they have with the seen unseen realms associated with the gifts that mediums possess. Not all mediums choose to become part of a cult dedicating themselves and their work to the will of a saint who will ultimately work through them.Others might choose to work alone, some for profit and some solely for personal growth familiarity and gratification as is mentioned in chapter six of Curanderismo Mexican American Folk Healing. Yet these Mediums might still attempt to gain guidance and protection from the saints such as Fidencio conversely they do so with the help of a master curendero or by making a trip to a temple magic spell making no commitment to the cult. Today although it has been more than 72 years since the death of el Nino Fidencios death many people still attribute their successes in both giving and receiving healing to the saint el Nino Fidencio.He serves not only as an important figure to those who practice Curanderismo but also those who receive treatment from the curandos. The saint plays such a large role in the culture in Mexico (even today) that people make pilgrimages to his burial place located outside of the small town of Espinazo on the eve of his birthday. tally to the Houston Chronicle, the procession and rituals are as big a deal for many Mexicans as it is for those who have immigrated and become Mexican Americans. Thousands of Hispanics come to this high desert site in northern Mexico on the eve of the birthday of legendary healer el Nino Fidencio.Through song and ceremony, pageantry and ritual, they have come to invoke El Ninos spirit, to unconditiona l themselves in acts of humility and submission, to crawl up the road of penance that leads to his tomb, and to find rebirth through assiduousness in a muddy pool of water (19958). For many people the pilgrimage represents more than ripe going to honor the dead saint for the most determined believers, (both those who practice and those who are served) it is a require for answers and solutions to the myriad of problems common to the human condition.Through the spirit of el Nino, they believe that they can find a way to cope with illness, business, marriage, money, the community and ultimately, with life itself. The ceremonies associated with the pilgrimage are so large that they draw the attention of newspapers, which advertise the special evens that take place in honor of the dead saint. In the National Catholic reporter is was noted that, During the week of Oct. 17 and again in March, to honor El Ninos patron St.Joseph, throngs of devotees anticipate flowers and copal incense like ancient Aztec celebrants. They wend their way through narrow Espinazo streets to El Pirulito (which is the little stream tree where he had his Hallucination), where El Nino sure his healing powers (Burbank1997 3). In participating in such ceremonies the people are celebrating and honoring not only the saint but God as well, thus insuring that they will have a prosperous rest of the year. The celebration is a time for people to not only honor el Nino but also the Virgin of Guadalupe.People dance in headdresses and costume near the tomb and vendors have to opportunity to make money off of the crowds by selling items like balloons and medicines. Many of the people who attend the pilgrimage are poor, marginalized, and have little to no access to health care. For many, it is about more than just honoring a saint and being a Catholic these celebrations allow people to garner and seek healing for ailments that they could not otherwise afford to get treated.The reasons for the cele bration go beyond the fact that he was a saint he also represents the freedom that Curanderos have to practice their craft. In 1928 Mexican President Plutarco Elias Calles suppressed the Catholic priesthood, which resulted in a revolt the following year he went to Mexico to catch el Nino for practicing without a license. However, he and his daughter were ill and el Nino healed them both in Espainazo. This attracted much attention and caused him to not only escape a jail sentence but also made him the most famous Mexican curandero according to the National Catholic Reporter.This proved not only that he was a gifted healer but also that he was willing to help those who wished to oppress him and backing him from his craft. Thus proving to be a symbol of hope, strength, and power for the people of Mexico, and Mexican Americans who come to celebrate him. The Curanderismo folk healing of Mexico has a long legacy and although it has changed and become synchronic due to religious influenc e and westerly medicine. Its fundamental roots have survived the spiritual and physical healings that result from the craft are still received by those who live both within as well as outside of Mexico.Saints such as el Nino Fidencio help remind the people of amazing healing powers that curenderos can possess and serves a figure which causes the people of the culture to unite yearly despite the fact that some have immigrated or moved to other geographical locations. The tale of the saint El Nino and his legacy not only serves as an influential figure in the history of Curanderismo but also plays a large role in the spiritual practices and the contemporary culture associated with the Mexican folk healing practices.Works Cited Burbank, J. (1997). Catholics, too, venerate el nino fidencio. National Catholic Reporter, 33(14), 3. Macklin, B. J. , Crumrine, N. R. (1973). threesome north mexican folk saint movements. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 15(1), 89-105. Spaulding, G. (1995, January 8). JOURNEY OF THE SPIRIT pilgrims by the thousands are drawn to the town where curandero el nino performed his legendary healings. The Houston Chronicle, pp. 8. Trotter, R. T. I. , Chavira, J. , Antonio. (1997). Curanderismo Mexican american folk healing (Second ed. ). Athens, Georga University of atomic number 31 Press.

Like a Virgin Essay

Note Some call have been changed to protect the anonymity of the persons involved. Fake nose, fake lips, fake bust Can anything stay ingrained these days? Surgeons have apparently achieved to change every part of the body and they aint exhalation to stop. Indeed, another(prenominal) form of surgery has become widespread around the world hymenoplasty.Morocco hasnt escape from that trend. simply why in the world a woman would want to have her hymen the tissue that covers the foreign part of the vagina and is broken in the first familiar intercourse back? According to Dr. Youssef Derouich, a oecumenic practioner at a health center in Marrakech, hymenoplasty is the reconstitution of the hymen using an conventionalised tissue or using the mucous membrane to create in this case an endogenous hymen. There is another in timet of hymenoplasty hymenorraphy which is simply a temporary hymenoplasty.Dr. Derouich emphasized the fact that it is an expensive surgery that is not allowed by the Maroc law which is why it is dupee secretly in any(prenominal) private hospitals. The hymen of a hymenoplasty lasts until the sexual act, while the one resulting from a hymenorraphy lasts for about twain weeks as Dr. Derouich explained. Theres more. Women have another option, less expensive but more risky, to simulate their virginity. A made in China gadget. It is basically a little plastic bag full of fake blood that explodes during the defilement. A trick good of the best illusionists. Originally, it was a sex-toy made by a Japanese company.Read moreEssay astir(predicate) the Virgin by Kerima PolotanYears after, a smart Chinese company, Gigimo, took this concept and started making cheap artificial hymens and selling them in Arab countries. We poop now find these gadgets in almost souks in Casablanca or capital of Morocco for less than 300 dirhams (Roucaute). If Moroc raise women are using those two methods these days to recreate a arcsecond virginity, despite the all ergies, infections, and sutures failure that it may cause as Dr. Derouich asserted, it is mainly because of the importance of virginity of a woman in Morocco. What a shame it would be for a man to marry a non-virgin woman Ms. Nadia Azzouzi, an active portion of LAssociation Dmocratique des Femmes du Maroc (The Democratic Association of Women of Morocco) affirmed.The new bride even risks to be rejected by her family and divorced from her save. These methods prove Ms. Azzouzi again the absurdity and hypocrisy of the Moroccan mentality. The first agent that she points out is that the non-virgins use it to pretend to be pure and chaste during their wedding night. Especially when in some areas in Morocco, we still have that tradition called the bridal sheet where the groom has to show to his family and sometimes even to the guests waiting in front of the door, the traces of bleeding caused by the defilement of his wife. An artificial hymen entrust be a life-safer for the non-virgin i n this case, erasing her mistakes of the past and making her accepted by her family-in-law.Recreating a hymen is lying to her husband while the principal foundations of marriage are trust and mutual respect. But most of all, it is lying to herself because imagining that she can restore a factitious virginity with a small piece of flesh is burying her head in the sand, like if it was this membrane that determines the chastity or even the value of a woman, says Ms. Azzouzi. However, she is aware that in some cases, hymenoplasty is acceptable like for the examples that Dr. Derouich gave little girls that had an accident when biking or riding a horse, or the 20% of women who dont even have a hymen.Ms. Azzouzis voice became high-pitched when she started talking about the consequences of this way and how it drives in the male domination in the society. Approving this is letting those men, who run after girls in debar and night clubs, exert their machismo on women that have to be docile and innocent and dont possess the right to have a sexual freedom. She also adds that men do not want their wives to be already used. They find in this privilege, a way to prove their virility and impose, from the beginning, their strength in the couple. It will consequently lead to the objectification of the woman and drag her to the level of an object that becomes useless once touched.The concept of virginity cant be changed overnight, says Nadia Azzouzi with a sigh. We can maybe see hymenoplasty as a step out front to the freedom of women, but we cant fool ourselves. A hymen cant be sewed on again. Do we really want to own our rights with this petty and deceitful way? No This method goes against all what sex equality stands for. It will only deepen the gap between the two genders and kick start the male chauvinism in our country. And who knows, maybe two or three generations later, nothing will give that much importance to virginity anymore.Works CitedAzzouzi, N. Telephone inte rview. 9 Feb. 2013.Derouich, Y. Telephone interview. 10 Feb. 2013. Lhymnoplastie, une seconde virginit. Le Monde. Le Monde, 06 Jul. 2012. Web. 8 Feb.2013. URL http//www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2012/07/06/l-hymenoplastie-une-seconde-virginite_1729088_3224.html

Economic and Financial Committee Essay

This letter is to address the widening gap between the rich and poor in developing nations, and how globalization policies farm a situation that lessens that gap. In many developing countries there is scarce a poor class and a rich class. Developed nations are characterized by the presence of a gist class. The middle class twosomes the gap between rich and poor, and when developing nations can bring in a fully functioning middle class within their societies, the contrasts between rich and poor expect to deplete.In a viewpoint essay edited by Debra Miller (2008) entitled Globalization Promotes nation Both Directly and In treatly this concept is demonstrated. The premise of the article is that globalization efforts create an sparing and entrepreneurial middle class who then demand and facilitate democratization in developing countries. As a matter of policy, economic reform, through globalization, should precede democratization. For example glasnost in Russia, or democracy and freedom originally economic reform, proved to be unsuccessful. While in China economic reform before governmental change has proven to be an effective policy.The conclusions of Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia University economics professor and U. N. advisor, demonstrate the process of bridging the economic and class gap. A small farmer in India used the internet to take his crops to both topical anesthetic and international markets. This tool of globalization gave him the freedom to control prices, as well as supply and demand. This increase economic independence and experience of personal control often translates into political aspirations that eventually lead to policies that bridge the economic gap in such countries.The internet is just one tool of globalization. As your committee examines the conditions and policies of other developing nations, it is imperative that you consider the process of globalization that leads to economic reform that leads to democracy. Policies and initi atives must cogitate on supplying developing nations with the tools of globalization, particularly access to international trade opportunities, that have a direct impact on the individuals economic and financial situations.As these individuals transform into an economic middle class, they will take action in the social and political affairs in their nations that will, in turn, create a more democratic society that will provide better economic opportunities for all citizens. bring up Globalization Promotes Democracy Both Directly and Indirectly. (2007). In Debra Miller Current Controversies Globalization(). Detroit Greenhaven Press. 5 May 2008, contend Viewpoints Resource Center via Gale http//find. galegroup. com/ips/start. do? prodId=IPS Respectfully Submitted,

Buying Behavior, Perception in Indian Dth Industry

look ON acquire BEHAVIOR AND PERCEPTION IN INDIAN DIRECT TO HOME (DTH) fabrication ____________________________________________________________ _ instrument panel OF CONTENT Page No. Chapter 1 . Exe bring downive Summary 2-5 Chapter 2 . Overview of Indian DTH patience 6-24 Chapter3 . cash in unmatchables chips Players of the effort 25-27 Chapter 4 Introduction to the topic 28-61 Chapter5 ,Findings and Discussions 62-67 Chapter6 .Conclusions and suggestions 68-71 REFERENCES ANNEXURE List of circuit cards and Figures 4. 1 Pie graph of Number of respondents in various age groups 4. 2 Pie map of scrap of males and females respondents 4. Pie map of matter of middle and lower deal out aim respondents 4. 4 Pie ch artistic production for the number of friendships engagement in csr activities 4. 5 Pie chart of percentage go through atomic number 18 these reports published 4. 6 Pie chart for solution to statement formation of safe and healthy form environment 4. 7 Pie chart for answer to statement contri just nowion to regional spiritstyle 4. 8 Pie chart for solvent to statement e feel of opportunities . 9 Pie chart for response to statement continuity and creation of regional culture 4. 10 hold over and Pie chart for response to statement balance between Work and in-person life 11. tabularize and Pie chart for response to statement Sustainable corporate culture 4. 12 Table and Pie chart for response to statement resource cycling and Waste Reduction 13. Table and Pie chart for response updated technology 14.Table and Pie chart for response to statement step-down of environmental burden 15. Table and Pie chart for response to statement reduction of green ho utilisation gases that lead to globular warming. 16. Table and Pie chart for response to statement preservation of water resources and water quality 17. Table and Pie chart for response to statement reduction of environmental burden- reaping and function 18. Table and Pie chart for r esponse to statement compliance 19. Table and Pie chart for response to statement corporate governance 20.Table and Pie chart for response to statement risk management. 21. Table and Pie chart for response to statement education to the society 22. Table and Pie chart for response Competitive Compensation 23. Table and Pie chart for response comfortable working hours 24. Table and Pie chart for response goodness quality of products 25. Table and Pie chart for response good quality of after sale military run 26. Table and Pie chart for response metrely delivery of products 27.Table and Pie chart for response compliance with the prescribed security measures 28. Table and Pie chart for response transp arncy and fairness in purchasing 29. Table and Pie chart for response hearing the impression of the suppliers 30. Table and Pie chart for response reward for the voluntary improvement of the suppliers 31. Table and Pie chart for response sight on node satisfaction 32. Table and Pie chart for response recognition of the negative impact of the product on the society 33.Table and Pie chart for response protection of nodes schooling EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The comprehend is on the topic interrogation ON BUYING BEHAVIOR AND PERCEPTION IN INDIAN DTH constancy. The objective of the investigate is to find the consumers behavior and apprehension in buy the DTH helper in the Indian food market. This exit be done with servicing of a Questionnaire Survey based on the Consumers B overleap knock by dint of the entire close making process of the consumer, which are as dramatizes puzzle Recognition reading Search Evaluation of Alternatives Purchase Decision Post Purchase behavior And a circularise with the help of original historic factors that contributes heavily towards the consumers decision of buy a DTH service, in India, like the following fame Endorsements Others Influence Purchase Timing Purchase Amount principal Choice In short the questi on is carried -out to know what goes in the consumers mind in the lead he fin completelyy buys the DTH function in the Indian market and similarly to know, when , where and how the consumer buys the run of DTH, in the Indian DTH market. straightway, before starting with achieving the objective of the research, I comport started with number onely explaining the purchase behavior of the consumer in habitual with the help of its definition and then the entire report is based upon the buy behavior of consumers in the DTH persis ecstasyce. Although the report is an diligence specific report but still I have sketched a little bit near in wholly the train pseuds in the Indian DTH labor. The following are the chat upers about which a little brief has been done in the report Tata monger air Television Dish TV Airtel DTH lie straight conviction big TV Videocon D2H This is followed by the Literature Review on the buying behavior of consumers in DTH application wh ich contains the Overview of the Indian DTH sedulousness, Technical aspects of DTH service, Factors that contribute towards the success of DTH work in India, what does the industry tidy sum, media, and customers said about this industry. The research methodology that has been utilise is the descriptive type and the data is imperturbable through both the primary and the secondary source.For the primary source a Questionnaire was prepared for the value to know the consumers behavior in buying the DTH operate. The survey was conducted on people who are already enjoying the services of the DTH disregardless of age, income, lifestyle, gender etc. The questionnaire revolved around the consumer buying behavior and was designed to know the complete stairs of buying behavior of consumers for the DTH industry in India. For the secondary source journals and articles in the magazine, reinvigorateds paper and net have been used in achieving the objective of the research.The sample size was 150 users of DTH services in Delhi and NCR. entirely the questions from the questionnaire have been tumbled and findings have been inferred from it with the help of the graphs and the tables, making wholly the culture very easy to read, break apart and infer the key findings from them. This is followed by the complete accumulated findings in bullet presents from the research and then the suggestions for the DTH industry as a whole and for the DTH players in industry based on the Objectives of the research and the Findings of the survey & research which could gain the performance and sales for the companies.References that has been used in the entire preparation is also provided along with the questionnaire at the end of the project report. CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR DEFINED Consumer buying behaviour is the theater of when, why, how, and where people do or do not buy products It blends elements from psychology, sociology, sanitary-disposed anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the buyer decision making process, both individu bothy and in groups. It studies characteristics of individual consumers such as demographics and behavioural variables in an attempt to understand peoples wants.It also tries to assess influences on the consumer from groups such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. Customer behaviour count is based on consumer buying behavior, with the customer playing the three distinct parts of user, payer and buyer. Relationship marketing is an influential as stiff for customer behavior analysis as it has a keen interest in the re-discovery of the true meaning of marketing through the re-affirmation of the immensity of the customer or buyer.A greater importance is also placed on consumer retention, customer relationship management, personalization, customization and one-to-one marketing. Social functions deal be categorise into kindly filling and welfare functions. Each method for vote count ing is assumed as a kindly function but if Arrows possibility theorem is used for a complaisant function, social welfare function is achieved. Some specifications of the social functions are decisiveness, neutrality, anonymity, monotonocity, unanimity, homogeneity and weak and strong Pareto optimality. No social choice function meets these requirements in an ordinal scale simultaneously.The more or less important characteristic of a social function is identification of the interactional effect of alternatives and creating a logical relation with the ranks. Marketing provides services in order to encounter customers. With that in mind, the productive system is considered from its beginning at the production level, to the end of the cycle, the consumer. conflagrate and Belch define consumer behaviour as the process and activities people engage in when searching for, selecting, purchasing, victimization, evaluating, and disposing of products and services so as to satisfy their n eeds and impulses. MAJOR DTH PLAYERS IN INDIA 1. TATA SKY SATELLITE TELEVISION corporate in 2004, Tata rottert over is a JV between the TATA convention and STAR. Tata Sky DTH endeavors to wrap uper Indian exhibit audience a world- cast television viewing endure through its send television service. The TATA concourse is one of Indias outstandingst and most respected business conglomerates. It comprises 93 operating companies in seven business arenas information systems and communications, engineering, materials, services, energy, consumer products and chemicals.The TATA Group has operations in more(prenominal) than 40 countries crosswise six continents and its companies export products and services to 140 nations. The Group and its enterprises have been steadfast and distinctive in their adherence to business ethics and their commitment to corporate social responsibility. This is a legacy that has earned the Group the trust of many cardinals of stakeholders in a meas ure just about business houses anywhere in the world basin match. The SKY brand, owned by the UK-based British Sky Broadcasting Group, brings to Tata Sky the reputation of more than 20 years experience of broadcast broadcasting.SKY is nearly known for the innovative products and services launched by BSkyB, such as DTH broadcasting in 1989, digital sa breakite broadcasting in 1998, interactional television services in 1999 and the SKY+ personal video record-keeper in 2001. Tata Sky joins an international group of DTH businesses that includes platforms as far apart as the UK and Italy in Europe, and Mexico and brazil-nut tree in Latin America. Tata Sky has established an extensive customer service interlock across the country.It has booked a field force of approximately 3000 service engineers who are complemented by high-end 247 wawl centres, manned by multi-lingual customer service associates, trained to solve all customer chores. Tata Sky takes machinate responsibility for installing and servicing the hardware at all standrs plaza, at that placeby ensuring the highest levels of customer service. 2. DISH TV DISH TV is a division of Zee Network Enterprise (Essel Group Venture). EGV has national and orbiculate presence with business interests in media programming, broadcasting & distribution, speciality packaging and recreation.Zee Network incorporated dishtv to make grow TV viewing. dishtv is Indias first direct to home (DTH) amusement service. By digitalizing Indian delight, this enterprise brought better television viewing technology to the living room. It not only transmits high quality programmes through satellite but also spend a pennys a complete control of selecting channels and paying for them. To experience the new life brea cutg in television technology, dishtv extends high quality broadcast and thorough entertainment. It imparts DVD quality opinion and stereophonic sound effects to the customers.It promises to shift the expe rience of TV viewing with its uninterrupted transmission service. The travail enters next level of entertainment with futuristic features, such as EPG (Electronic Programme Guide), parental lock, adventures, 400 channels, syner charmic TV and movie on demand. dishtv also brings exclusive national and international channels for the first clipping in India. dishtv uses NSS-6 to broadcast its programmes. NSS-6 was launched on 17th December, 2002 by European-based satellite provider, NewSkies (one of the only four fixed satellite communications companies with truly global satellite coverage) ishtv Indias first KU-band DTH entertainment service, hopped on to NSS-6 from an INSAT satellite in July 2004. The change in the satellite was to increase the channel whirl as NSS 6 offered more transponder capacity. 3. AIRTEL DTH get to kinfolk (DTH) service comes to you from Bharti Telemedia Limited, a subsidiary of Bharti Airtel Limited. Bharti Airtel Limited is the flagship familiarity of Bharti Enterprises and is Indias largest integrated and the first private telecommunication services provider with a footprint in all the 23 telecom circles.As Indias leaders telecommunications company, the Airtel brand has played the role of a major catalyst in Indias reforms, contributing to its economic resurgence. Airtel since its inauguration has been at the forefront of technology and has steered the course of the telecom sector in the country with its world class products and services. With DVD quality picture and sound, your TV viewing experience volition change forever with Airtel digital TV. Now witness the magic of television with best and widest variety of channels and programmes ranging from Sports, Music and General entertainment to best on-demand heart on Airtel Live.Whats more, you canister choose from the best movies of Bollywood and the world, listen to radio, play games, along with a host of new(prenominal) interactional features and change the way you w atch television. 4. SUN DIRECT Sun Direct Indias youngest and most exciting state Of the art DTH Company. Sun Direct uses the current MPEG-4 based technology to increase broadcast capacity. Sun Direct confirms to provide next-generation services in fast- increment and emerging markets quickly and economically. Sun Direct leave behind be supported by Irdetos conditional access solution to manage satisfyed and revenues in the satellite broadcasting venture.Sun Direct selected Oracle based on its convergent multi-service capabilities and turn up real-time scalability allowing it to consolidate billing operations, enables powerful new service offerings and improves visibility into customer information across services. Sun Direct Pvt Ltd, the leading direct-to-home (DTH) service provider is all set to redefine the television viewing in the country. Sun Direct today created history by launching the first ever uplifted Definition (HD) broadcast on DTH platform in India. Sun Direct Sun Direct is a 8020 joint venture between the Maran family and the Astro Group of Malaysia.Sun Direct offers all customer premises equipments like the dish and Set Top box free of cost to the customer, which is a lend oneself followed by DTH platforms across the world. Sun Direct is the first one to adopt the advanced MPEG4 technology offering better compression and signal quality and is the first to offer HD TV ( high-pitched definition) content. Sun Direct offers all customer premises equipments like the dish and Set Top box free of cost to the customer offering more than 200 channels, with 7 basic packs and 41 add on packs. 5. RELIANCE well-favoured TVImagine a satellite TV service that suits you and your familys interests, passions and busy schedules. view all of your favourite channels, shows, and movies at your fingertips its time to step into the BIG world of entertainment. Reliance is excited to present the next landmark of TV entertainment in India. With Reliance BIG TV Digital Service, you can experience spectacular entertainment, blockbuster movies, up-to-the-minute news, and your favourite programs at the click of a button. Transform your home with Reliance BIG TV Digital Service, powered by MPEG 4 technology for the first time in India.Reliance BIG TV has fantastic features like pure digital viewing experience, more channel choice, many exclusive movie channels, easy programming guide, interactive services, parental control, 247 Customer Service and lots more Ensure a never before viewing experience with unlimited hours of fun and entertainment for your entire family. 6. VIDEOCON d2h It is worlds 1st satellite television, via state of art satellites, which means you no longer have to tolerate all the hassles associated with Cable TV.No more bilk disconnections serious wing in the middle of an intense game. And whether youre watching a Hollywood thriller or a Desi blockbuster, Videocon d2h results in a The End to all the unnecessary interru ptions. We invite you to experience a world of awe whatever digital entertainment, crystal clear pictures, ultra sharp sound and state of art technology which uses the extremist MPEG -4 with DVB S2. This means youll be able to notice the minutest of details on your favorite celebrity. And hear every scream, every sound. Even if it were a faint sigh.We go out provide you unique active services, multi lingual user interface, more movie on demand channels, radio channels, cross genre tickers and many more value added services. Our interactive Direct to Home (DTH) Services exit be operational through planet LCD, Satellite TV, Satellite DVD as well as a Satellite Box (STB). We bring you cutting borderline technology through our services, which ordain make your home the most exciting place on earth. The Products i. e. Satellite LCD, Satellite TV, Satellite DVD are owned and marketed by UDCL.The DTH services and Satellite Box are marketed by BBCL subject to terms and conditions of Cu stomer Agreement. OVERVIEW OF THE DTH INDUSTRY Direct-to-Home (DTH) satellite television is becoming a cant in the satellite broadcast industry due to the fact that DTH offers immense opportunities to both broadcasters and viewing audience. Thanks to the rapid development of digital technology, DTH broadcast operators worldwide have been able to introduce a large number of new interactive applications in the television market besides a large number of entertainment programmes over a single delivery platform.In addition, since digital technology permits a highly efficient exploitation of the frequency spectrum, the number of TV channels that can be broadcast using digital technology is significantly higher than with analogue technology. The increased number of television channels allows the operator to satisfy the demand of a number of niche markets with dedicated transmissions. In general, DTH service is the one in which a large number of channels are digitally compressed, encryp ted and beamed from very high power satellites. The programmes can be directly received at homes.This mode of reception facilitates the use of small receive dish antennas of 60 to 90 cm diameter installed at convenient location in individual buildings without needing elaborate presentation / dummy etc. Also, DTH transmission eliminates local anesthetic pedigree operator completely, since an individual user is directly committed to the service providers. However, a digital receiver is needed to receive the multiplexed signals and view them on a TV. DTH, in sharp contrast to Cable TV, lends itself to easy monitoring,and,control. Transmission in Ku band is most appropriate and astray used for the purpose.As mentioned higher up, all the encoded transmission signals are digital thus providing higher resolution picture quality and better audio than traditional analog signals. All the advantages of the digital transmission, as applicable to the workaday transmission are relevant in the satellite transmission also. Over the last three years, the direct-to-home (DTH) satellite industry has come on strongly worldwide. It has grown from a niche delivery mechanism into a mainstream business. The spread of subscription-based DTH satellite TV promises to enhance choices for many households in developing countries.With the Government throwing airfoil the DTH sector in the country,a handful of players have come up with grandiose plans to enter the market. Given the stiff level of competition this premium services will face from the existing multi-channel cable network, possible entrants need to distinctly grasp a few of the winning rules of the game. A DTH OFFER COMPRISES SIX ELEMENTS pic Content The movies,news channels,sporting events,and/or general entertainment features that constitute an offer to consumers. Space Ownership or access to sufficient transponders in the right orbital slot to broadcast an offer to a specific area.Ground The ability to distribute, in stall and service dishes and set-top boxes(otherwise known as customer premises equipment, or CPE), combined with access to relevant technology and manufacturing capabilities. reviewer management Ability to acquire and deactivate subscribers,bill and collect from them, activate pay-per-view movies and perform customer service. Financing The formulation of credit to customer seeking to buy or lease CPE. Government relation Ability to sweep government procedures and regulations to obtain permits and so on.So diverse are these requirements,that no existing player in any market will be able to fulfill all of them on its own. This, the industry will be populated by consortia and it is un credibly that more than one or two DTH consortia will be able to achieve break-even. STRATEGIC AND SUCCESS FACTORS Exploit Bottlenecks In this market,content and transponder capacity are scarce and controlled by a few players. With content, access to unique local language material is critical. In a m arket like India,all a DTH player exsanguinousthorn need to do is repackage existing channels that are not universally available.In sports, some players have won an advantage through long-term rights purchases. Broadcasting rights to cricket in India, for example,belongs to ESPN for the next five years. It also controls the right to football for West Bengal(the most popular league) for ten years. The second obvious bottleneck is in transponder capacity. A modest DTH offering is likely to require a minimum of 10 to 15 transponders-almost a dedicated satellite. The number of satellite that can broadcast to a particular region is limited by physics. Move First In the DTH industry, a credible and well managed first-mover service has a tremendous advantage over others.In India, a first mover may effectively shut out competition. Exploit Market Niche In some markets, the segment of consumers who desire highly specific content may be large enough to form the core subscribership of a DTH service. An example of this could be again cricket in our country. Any DTH consortium must decide how it will deal with a number of strategic choices that will determine its success Build an appropriate content offer This is the single most crucial choice a DTH company will make. In a remote town with no access to television, for example,even a DTH fragrance of just two channels superpower seem attractive.Transponder costs are also a factor in an appropriate content offer. It is the bouquet size that determine how many transponders are needed,creating a tradeoff between the cost of transponders and the wealthyness of the offering. leverage killer content A subscription service could use its rights more effectively. It might secure the exclusive right to broadcast a sporting event live, even if it is shown on free TV later. Offer first-class services Cable companies are frequently criticized for installation delays, billing errors and surly staff and the nature of cable plant mak es signals prone to disruption.Staff and customer service issues relating to CPE installation and maintenance may yield a fine of differentiation above and beyond picture quality. PLACE BETS ON Another strategic choice consortia must make is which markets to make bets in. A few rules of the thumb are Number of TV households the number of TV households and its rate of growth determines how easy it will be to break even and how quickly, if at all, a developing market will become attractive. TV advertizement and its growth Ad revenue are also available to a DTH service provider, so the existence of a robust or growing ad market is important.Technical barriers to access TV Even if DTH offers are likely to be thin on the ground,it is possible for a company to own a piece of the chain that links a service to subscribers. Until late, Sky had a monopoly on the UK encryption standard, Videocrypt and could effectively dictate the terms of DTH competition, This was because it had a large i nstalled base of set-top boxes using this standard. Ownership of key content The availability of sports and film rights is a crucial decisive of market attractiveness.In India, such rights are divided among many separate players. In such a case, no rights owner is likely to be strong enough to play kingmaker. Position in a market The most important asset is arguably an ability to play a unique role in the DTH value chain. This advantage may reside in business that have little or no obvious connection with DTH. A company that has pioneered a business offering credit for consumer durables in a developing country, for instance, might be well placed to supply finance to purchasers of CPE. INDUSTRY SAYS MEDIA AND CUSTOMER SAYSDespite the global financial meltdown, the future of DTH industry in India has numerous opportunities. A 20 per cent annual growth is being witnessed in the DTH sector and there is still scope for more. Int he current context of the global financial meltdown, the Direct to Home (DTH) industry in India is in the throes of motley challenges and opportunities. The big game is all about shaping up grandiose plans to master the winning rules to amass as oftentimes portion of the Indian DTH pie as possible by a handful of players.Since the DTH space denotes big value, akin to the space occupied by television pic and telephony, inter-firm rivalries have thrown up price wars, discount schemes, procurement of transponders, ambitious targets for improving the subscription base, popular bouquet of channels, set top boxes with crack quality of videos, improving content, etc as a desperate means to entice the Indian viewer. A processed 20 per cent annual growth is being witnessed in the DTH sector in India with over 8. gazillion households having digital pay tv According to Harsh Bijoor, a brand consultant, Since Dish TV, the biggest market player on the Indian soil, has not scraped even five per cent of the pie, there is plenty left for other play ers to eat. In the early 2008, five major players, Zees Dish TV, Tata Sky, Reliance ADAG, Sun Direct and Bharti Telemedia formed an umbrella body DTH Operators Association of India (DOAI). The Cable and Satellite Broadcasting Association of India in its 2008 catch up with TV Piracy Survey have predicted that the Grey TV market of around USD 1. billion will gradually be taken over by the legal DTH industry. Marcel Fenez, chairman CASBAA, said, Despite the global sinking of economies, the Asia Pacific market is healthy and the decline in growth will not rise the industry. With 1. 7 million digital cable subscriptions, the digital pay-TV market is lastly taking off and this score of penetration represents a tipping point for our industry in Asia. Starting with a million strong subscriber base in August 2006, Tata Sky, a DTH joint-venture Company between Star (owned by Rupert Murdoch) and the Tata Group, now has more than 2. million connections and the forecast for 2012 is that i t will further increase to eight million. The Indian DTH growth scenario bodes well for the advertising industry as well with over Rs 30-40 crores being earmarked by these companies annually for advertising revenues. While Tata Sky has roped in Amir Khan and Gul Panag for its promotion, sustains for the Dish TV. MD and CEO of Tata Sky, Vikram Kaushik, recently confirmed in an reference that the company estimates were standing at Rs 40 billion for its terminal funding requirement as competitive entries, explosive growth in volume and customer acquisition have jacked up the costs.Tata Sky recently launched the NDS-developed XTV personal video recorder (PVR) that enables the customers to watch a particular TV show while transcription another. It is being hailed a major introduction in the Indian DTH market. Within a few geezerhood of its launch 2, 500 PVRs, priced at Rs 8, 999, were sold as claimed by the Tata Sky MD, Kaushik. This places Tata Sky among the top 19 pay-TV operators around the world with NDS solutions being a unique introduction to facilitate flexibility of PVR to their subscribers.A deal along similar lines was announced by Bharti Airtel, in the provision of DTH services, dependent on NDS for its conditional access. N Arjun, executive director Bharti Telemedia, expressed enthusiasm about the companys expansion plans by disclosing that his company looked forward to providing the best of home entertainment services via Airtel digital TV in terms of latest technology and exciting content. Since DTH is the future of home entertainment, with the support of our technology partner NDS, we will render superior, state-of-the-art services to our DTH service customers, he said.Sun Direct, which entered the DTH sector as a discounted brand in foeman to Tata Sky, notched at a 30 per cent premium and supposedly mopped up over a million subscribers within a short time span. Tata Sky, though placed at a launch-premium of Rs 1,000, is open to segmentations. A demand of a tax holiday of five years from the government has been mooted by the DOAI that should incentivise the DTH industry as its market has reportedly surpassed the Japanese one in the last five years.The Indian DTH industry players look forward to a seven times multiplication of its market, about 40 million subscribers by 2015, from a total of 165 million pay TV households. Analysis Since 1959, when Indian television was first launched and the state owned Doordarshan aired just two channels in black and white as recently as 1991 the world of entertainment has made rapid and unusual strides. The turning points were the 1982 Asian Games when colour in television was introduced and the 1991 liberalisation and deregulation that ushered in the era of foreign investments and foreign channels that egged the domestic players to vamoose into the foray.From large metros, satellite TV moved to smaller towns that spurred the sale of TV sets and brought about an upgradation from black and white television viewing to the colour one. With time, more and more changes took place and finally the DTH services arrived. DTH operations in India could be enhanced if the dearth of satellite capacity is removed by increasing the number of available Ku-band transponders that at present is 12 on Insat 4A, which in turn would mean more channels for viewing. assess burdens on DTH are another area of complaint for operators. Around 40 per cent of revenues are siphoned off to pay taxes and license fee and another 12 per cent for services imposed by the primordial government. Apart from this, there are entertainment taxes that differ from state to state. Cable TV operators also give a stiff level of competition to the DTH sector by suppressing their prices artificially by way of under-declarations. This has pressurised the DTH operators to cut their profits to the extent of making them unviable. At present, there are 80 million TV households in India, of which over seven million are DTH ones. Since the penetration is just under nine per cent, there is much room for a massive growth rate, according to the Bharti Airtels head of brand and media, Chandrashekhar Balakrishnan. This is what the company is focusing on, to enhance its subscription base to 20 per cent, he added. Industry analyst Siva Sundaram said that India will be the leading power in Asia by 2010 in the field of cable market and by 2015 it will be the most profitable in the area of pay TV market.Interestingly, the rural rich were the first to positively respond to the advent of DTH industry and those in the remote areas with no or unreliable access to the cable services will be tapped in by the DTH players. The Indian Readership Survey 2008 R2 findings have shown that the Dish TV is the largest player with over 3. 1 million subscribers, followed by DD Direct, Tata Sky and Sun Direct, which has a predominance in the southern zone. The zone wise analysis puts the western zone with 2. 24 million to pping he subscriber base charts and the North, South and East following the lead. While the big game hots up between the DTH service providers, the regular big Indian couch potatoes may keep surfboarding the channels and choosing from the burgeoning options. CONCLUSION A few things are assured in the DTH industry even in the face of paradigm shifts. First, the value of transponders is likely to fall as compression allows more and more content to go through the same satellite, and as more satellite are launched. Second, as bandwidth explodes, so will demand for content.Obscure sports and the like will become more valuableconversely, much of the content that is shortly valuable will face downward pricing pressure. Niche content providers will emerge. The industry is likely to be characterized first by a period of fragmentation and then by an increasing soaking up of global consortia as unprofitable participants fold. What is clearer than ever is that satellite TV is here to stay and will play role in bringing television to mass around the world. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The objective of the research is to find the consumers behavior and perception in buying the DTH services in the Indian market.This will be done with help of a Questionnaire Survey based on the Consumers Black Box through the entire decision making process of the consumer, which are as follows Problem Recognition Information Search Evaluation of Alternatives Purchase Decision Post Purchase behavior And also with the help of certain important factors that contributes heavily towards the consumers decision of buying a DTH service, in India, like the following Celebrity Endorsements Others Influence Purchase Timing Purchase Amount Dealer ChoiceIn short the research is carried -out to know what goes in the consumers mind before he finally buys the DTH services in the Indian market and also to know, when , where and how the consumer buys the services of DTH, in the Indian DTH market. RESEARCH M ETHODOLOGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY DEFINED Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. In this we study the various steps that are generally adopted by researcher in studying this problem along with the logic behind them.RESEARCH DESIGN The research design selected is of descriptive type. Data is collected through Primary and Secondary sources. PRIMARY SOURCE A Questionnaire was prepared for the survey to know the consumers behavior in buying the DTH services. The survey was conducted on people who are already enjoying the services of the DTH disregarding of age, income, lifestyle, gender etc. SECONDARY SOURCE Journals and articles in the magazine, news paper and internet have been used in achieving the objective of the research. SAMPLE SIZEA have size of 150 existing users of DTH services was included in the survey through questionnaires (25 each from North Delhi, Sout h Delhi, West Delhi, East Delhi, Gurgaon and Noida). The Sample was selected irrespective of age, gender, lifestyle, income. TABLE 5. 1 WHAT run DID YOU USE beforehand DTH SERVICES ? Local conduct 142 Doordarshan Channels 8 graphical record 5. 1 ANALYSIS From the above pie-chart we can analyze that 95% of people surveyed were using local cable as against 5% who were using Doordarshan channels. demonstrationS We can infer from the pie-chart that majority of people surveyed were using the services of local cable operators and thus it also reflects that very small segment of people use only Doordarshan channels as a source of entertainment in Delhi & NCR. TABLE 5. 2 WHAT WERE YOUR PERCEPTIONS OF DTH SERVICES BEFORE YOU USED IT ? higher(prenominal) Initial Cost 42 High Monthly Rentals 66 misfortunate Customer Service 22 unforesightful signal 30 GRAPH 5. 2 pic ANALYSIS From the above given bar diagram we can analyze that 28% of people sensed DTH as it absorbs High initial cost,44% as High monthly cost,15% as Poor customer service & 13% as Poor prefigure. INFERENCE We can now infer that most of the people before using DTH services thought it to have Heavy Monthly Rentals and also as something that had High Initial Cost affiliated to it . Poor Signal was also an issue that people had thought DTH to be associated with and few people had comprehend its Customer Service as misfortunate. TABLE 5. 3 WHAT PROMPTED YOU TO SWITCH TO DTH FROM THE EARLIER SERVICES USED BY YOU ? BECAUSE DTH PROVIDES Better Service 45 Economical 5 Beeter Picture Quality 60 synergistic services 40 GRAPH 5. 3 pic ANALYSIS According to customers, grounds for switching to DTH, because DTH provides 30% believe it as better service, 3% as economical, 40% as better picture quality & 27% coz of interactive services by DTH. INFERENCEWe can infer from above that most of the LCOs customers left them and switched to DTH because of their problems with poor people picture quality and people also ditched LOCs because of poor services from them and also lack of interactive services which was there in DTH. A very small percentage of people left LOCs because of prices charged by LOCs TABLE 5. 4 WHERE DID YOU SEARCH FOR INFORMATION ON DTH BEFORE BUYING ONE ? meshing 55 Dealers 55 Friends 30 Newspapers 10 GRAPH 5. 4 pic ANALYSIS We can analyze from the above given graph that 37% each of people surveyed searched information on DTH from Internet & Dealers. 20% consulted Friends and 6% from Newspapers. INFERENCE An kindle comes from the fact that when it comes to searching information about the DTH services when decision making to buy them, most of the people prefer to search it on Internet & an equal no. of people visit Dealers to gather information. People also prefer to consult their Friends more than using Newspapers as a source of Information search. TABLE 5. 5 ON WHAT PARAMETERS DID YOU EVALUATE ALL THE AVAILABLE DTH SERVICES BEFORE DECIDING TO BUY BRAND OF DTH SERVICE ? trusty Reputation 40 Price 10 interactional Services 40 Picture Quality 60 GRAPH 5. 5 ANALYSIS We can analyze that in terms of evaluation, 39% people rated Picture Quality,27% each as Good Reputation and Interactive Services and 7% as Price as the major alternative evaluation factor.INFERENCE We can infer that the most important point of evaluating the available DTH options was the Picture, which was of paramount importance for prospective customers followed by Good Reputation and Interactive Services followed by the Price which only a meager population voted for. TABLE5. 6 DO CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENTS CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS YOUR DECISION IN BUYING DTH SERVICES ? Yes 35 No cxv GRAPH 5. 6 pic ANALYSISWe can analyze that 77% of people surveyed said that Celebrity backments do not have any impact on their decision in deciding which brand to by or not to by and only 23% people agreed that id does contribute towards their decision. INFERENCE It is an interesting inferen ce from the above given graph and data that inspite of almost all DTH companies going for Big Celebrities to endorse their brands, customers gave a thumbs down to celebrity endorsements with 77% people saying that they are not at all influenced by it and only 23% saying yes to this idea. TABLE 5. 7 WHO WAS THE BIGGEST INFLUENCE ON YOUR FINAL bargain for DECISION ? Dealer 35 Family 20 Existing Users 80 Only Me 15 GRAPH 5. 7 pic ANALYSIS We can analyze that Existing users are the biggest influence on the final purchase decision with around 54% people going for it followed by 23% for dealers, 13% for family and 10% deciding themselves. INFERENCE We can easily infer from the above given graph and data that as expected nd as in all other industries that existing users are always the biggest influence on the final decision and its the same in the DTH industry, Dealers are also big influence on the final decision followed by family and ourselves. TABLE 5. 8 ARE YOU SATISFIED WITH YOU R DTH SERVICE ? Yes 129 No 21 GRAPH 5. 8 pic ANALYSIS We can analyze that 86% of people using DTH services are quenched with the services and only 14% people are dis genial.INFERENCE We can easily infer from the above given data and graph that most of the people, as expected are pretty much satisfied with the DTH services, which provides so many added features with crystal clear picture quality. One more important thing that can be inferred is there are 14% people who are not satisfied with the DTH services, which should bother all the DTH players in the industry. TABLE 5. 9 IF DISSATISFIED,THEN WHAT IS THE REASON FOR DISSATISFACTION ? Poor Customer Service 8 Poor Picture Quality 2 Poor Signal Strength 3 Costlier than Expected 8 GRAPH 5. 9 ANALYSIS Now, we can analyze that out of 14% dissatisfied customers,38% peoples reason of dissatisfaction is Poor Customer Service and an eaqual no. people think that it costlier than expected followed by 15% with Poor Signal Strength and 9% with Poor Picture quality. INFERENCEWe can easily infer that first of all there are very little dissatisfied customers and the major reason for dissatisfied customers are either Poor Customer Service or the Monthly rentals are higher than perceived or expected. Very small amount of people blames it on Poor Signal Strength followed by Poor Picture Quality. FINDINGS FOLLOWING ARE THE FINDINGS OF THE REPORT 1. Most of the users of DTH services today have migrated from the local cable operators in comparison with the viewers of Doordarshan network. So therefore this can viewed step of Doordarshan network viewers to local cable operators. . Initially before using the DTH service the perception of it was that of something that High monthly rentals and that comes with High initial cost. Many people also thought that as it is a satellite network, therefore there would be a lot of signal problems, with few of them having doubtful perceptions about its Customer service. 3. The major reason that led to people switching from their preceding(prenominal) services to DTH was Poor picture quality, Poor service and lack of interactive services (in the same order), which had an obvious solution in the DTH services. . It was found out that the prospective customers searched for information on DTH mainly from the internet and the dealers with equal no. of respondents going for them, wherein friends are also a good source of information. Newspapers no more are hot in information search in the DTH industry. 5. The most important parameter that the customers used to evaluate all the available DTH options was that it should have the best picture quality and then came the good Reputation and interactive services with the brand.Price was not of that importance as the industry itself is gripped in price-war. 6. This was an interesting but an unexpected finding. Although almost all the DTH players have roped in big celebrities to endorse their brand, still people gave this idea a thu mbs down and said it did not affect their decision. 7. The biggest influence on the final purchase decision was found out to be the existing users of the service with more than fractional of the respondents going for it followed by the dealers, then family members and then the respondents themselves. 8.Talking about the post purchase behavior, a major chunk of population that was surveyed was pretty satisfied with the DTH service (86% of them) and will very much carry on with the DTH, wherein 14% of them showed dissatisfaction. 9. Now, the major reason of the dissatisfaction of the 14% dissatisfied customers were poor customer service and the fact that general rent (different packages and different channels) was costlier than the expected. SUGGESTIONS FOLLOWING ARE THE SUGGESTIONS BASED ON THE REASEARCH OBJECTIVES AND FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY Although the companies are targeting the complete set of television iewers across the country, but they should make extra efforts in specifi cally targeting the rurals whose only source of entertainment is Doordarshan channels only by customizing channel packages that suits their taste and their pockets as well. Catch them before they take the local cable operators route to reach DTH. Erase the prospective customers perception of DTH services requiring High Initial & High monthle costs and also that as it is a satellite network then it will always have signal problems. Reach the prospects and tell them that these are wrong perceptions and tell the advantages. The Companies should keep on striving for better picture quality, better customer service, and more and more of interactive services because these are the reasons and problems why the customers have migrated from local cable operators (LCO). Now it was found out that the Dealers and the internet were the hottest zones for information search on DTH by the prospective customers. So, therefore the companys should, for internet push in all the information regarding t heir product and service and also tell the prospects about the advantage of their services over the competitors. Evaluation of alternatives by the customers are one of the most important stage for the company and the findings point out that in choosing a DTH service, the customer focuses mainly on the Picture Quality and the Interactive services provided by the company so these things should be provided best by the company to the customers. One more important point is although the DTH industry is gripped by price-war, the customers are willing to pay a little more if they get a better picture quality, more interactive services and better customer service. This was an interesting but an unexpected finding that although all the major DTH players in the country have roped in big celebrities to endorse their brand, but almost 78% of the respondents have rejected this idea and said that celebrity endorsements have no impact on their decision. So, therefore the companies should concentrat e on ideas to effectively communicate their message to the final consumer quite than celebrities to convey the message, which in turn would save lots of money given to celebrities as brand ambassador. Now just before buying a product or service the customer needs to b pushed in his or her decision and the results have found out that the biggest influence as far as DTH services are concerned are The existing users and the Dealers. So, therefore in order to take safeguard of the influence of existing customers the company has to provide the best of services to them in order to win the say Of Mouth and to take care of Dealers influence the company should have trained sales personnel at the dealer counters. Although, the major TV viewing population are pretty satisfied with DTH services, there are few which are not satisfied and the major reason for their dissatisfaction are poor customer service and costlier monthly charges than expected. To take of the first reason the companies sh ould understand the importance of customer service as a tool to increase sales and take care of the customer service and to take care of the second reason the companies should make the packages simpler and also a little economical.Above mentioned are some of the suggestions for the DTH industry as a whole and for the DTH players in industry based on the Objectives of the research and the Findings of the survey & research which could increase the performance and sales for the companies. The above suggestions have come after an extensive study of the CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR in the Indian DTH industry. CONCLUSIONAfter extensively working on the buying behavior and the perception of the consumers in the Indian DTH industry, I came to know how important it is to understand and understand it to perfection, the buying behavior of the consumers as to how he behaves right from the point he recognizes a problem in his/her previous product or service, like in this case it was mainly the local cable operates. The companies here has to follow the customer from there on to the last step of post-purchase behavior which helps companies to retain the existing customers and win the new customers.The questionnaire that I prepared was a journey through the entire process of consumers perception and their buying behavior for DTH services. As it was directed at the current users, it was very fulfilling to understand what the current users of this service mat at each stage of the process and as a result of this surveys analysis and inference from the table and graph, there were some interesting and important findings which in turn gave way to some of very important suggestions that can be of great help to current DTH players in the Indian industry to improve their sales and efficiency.To conclude, it was an experience that taught me a lot of things from understanding the in and outs of the Indian DTH industry, understanding the buying behavior of consumers, insights of market rese arch, ways to efficiently and effectively interact with the respondents, to analyze and infer important information from the table and the graph. pic