The Role of Ethnicity and Race in the Way Audiences Interpret Media Mes

The Role of Ethnicity and Race in the Way Audiences Interpret Media Messages According to the sociological definition of race and ethnicity, there is a close interrelation between race and ethnicity. Race has not been defined by the biological difference that it is stood on the social construct. Race does not discriminate the skin color from others which is related to the ethnicity. Race is defined on the social construct which based on physical and cultural features (Fulcher & Scott, 2007). ‘Ethnicity is a general category for describing collective identities’ (Fulcher & Scott, 2007:200). Ethnicity is based on the cultural and historical background that it means the people in this ethnic group is sharing the same language, religion and same experience of life. Ethnicity is the ethnic characteristic for the specific race. Ethnicities represent the role for separating the different race. In terms of race, people might have the racism to the different culture of others which might base on the historical colonization, the control of the western culture and so on (Fulcher& Scott, 2007). This racism also occurs in the media. The western media may intentionally neglect the people of Black or Asian. Media are more likely to use the white people as their main character. Although media has increased the number of the Black and Asian people in recent year on the screen, there is still the inequality in the media product. The Black and Asian people might totally disappear in some scene which is shot in the place with the large number of Black and Asian people (Ross & Playdon, 2001). This phenomenon provokes the anger and dissatisfaction of the Black and Asian people. Also, media may offer the wrong information for those minorit... ...rom you born to die that race is innate for everyone. In this world, everyone is equal that each person might have the same right to stay in this society. Works Cited Fulcher, J. and Scott, J., (2007) Sociology 3rd ed., Oxford : Oxford University Press Ross,K.,(2001) White Media, Black audience: Diversity and Dissonance on British Television in Ross, K. & Playdon, P.(eds.) Black marks : minority ethnic audiences and media, London: Ashgate Dines, G. & Humez, J.M.(eds.) (2002) Gender, race, and class in media : a text-reader London : Sage Dickinson,R., Harindranath, R. & Linnà ©. O.,(1998) Approaches to audiences : a reader, London : Arnold Saltzis, K.(Professor), (2010 February 23) CULTURAL STUDIES AND THE AUDIENCE Lecture 5, University of Leicester, UK Downing, J. & Husband, C. (2005) Representing race: racisms, ethnicities and media, London: SAGE

How to Make Kool-Aid

There are five simple steps on how to create this candy tasting drink. Choosing the proper packet of flavoring is the first step in making Kool-Aid. Check your local grocery store’s shelf for a variety of flavors, from Mountain Berry Punch to Tropical Blue Hawaiian. They are very cheap, usually under 65 cents. After choosing the flavor that suits you, the second step is making sure you have the correct and necessary equipment for making Kool-Aid. You will need a two-quart pitcher. Next, find a long spoon, a one-cup measuring cup, a water faucet with drinkable water, white sugar, and an ice tray full of ice. Then, you are ready to mix the Kool-Aid. Third, grab the left edge of the kool-Aid packet between your thumb and index finger. With your other hand, begin peeling the upper left corner until the entire top of the envelope is removed. Next, dump the mix powder of the envelope into the two quart pitcher. The powder will float before settling on the bottom of the pitcher. Then, take the measuring cup and scoop two cups of white sugar into the pitcher. At this point you will be adding the water next. Place the pitcher under the water faucet and slowly turn on the cold water. After the pitcher is filled within two inches of the top, turn the water off and prepare to stir. With the long spoon inside the pitcher, stir in a clockwise motion until all of the powder is dissolved. Taste it. If the Kool- Aid is not sweet enough for you, feel free to add as much sugar as you please. Fourth, when you are finishing the Kool-Aid to your liking, rinse off the spoon and the measuring cup. Take a eight to 32-ounce cup and add ice. Then fill the glass with Kool-Aid. Go to your favorite lazy-boy chair, put your feet up, turn on the Football game that’s going on and drink away. After all, Kool-Aid makes the world go round. There are many other ways and methods of making different types of Kool-Aid. You can go ahead and try it my way or you could always go online and check out all the other different ways to make this delicious drink. Whether it is just for the family, work, or for parties.

Feminism in the Western World - 1342 Words

Feminism has had a profound effect on the lives of women across the western world. First wave feminism enabled women equal political rights, second wave fought for reproductive rights and women’s ability to enter the workplace and third wave fought for a more inclusive movement, addressing sexuality, class and race. Feminism is such an expansive subject that it has many different strands and often contradictory viewpoints. Today ‘empowered’ is the word of choice by many young women and celebrities. By definition empowerment, is confidence and  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬control over one’s life and rights. (Oxford Dictionary). Choice feminists believe that freedom lies within the choice, whether that choice is in how one chooses to physically present themselves or whether they choose to be a homemaker as opposed to entering the workforce. The belief is that women are empowered to make their own decisions and they should not be judged critically for doing so, something that many believe second wave feminists failed to recognize. The literature reviewed in this paper attempts to answer whether modern women really are in control of their own body image or if this idea of female empowerment is actually an illusion. BODY In order to discover the position of the current power balance regarding female body image it is necessary to review it within a historical context. Within the history of art the gender power imbalance is most startling especially in reference to the nude. Berger(1972) describes theShow MoreRelatedFeminist Theory1248 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism refers to political, cultural, and economic movements aimed at establishing greater rights, legal protection for women, and or womens liberation. It includes some of the sociological theories and philosophies concerned with issues of gender difference. Nancy Cott defines feminism as the belief in the importance of gender equality, invalidating the idea of gender hierarchy as a socially constructed concept. Feminism has earned itself a bad reputation, but it never undermined gender differencesRead MoreUnder Western Eyes : Feminist Scholarship And Colonial Discourses And The Rise Of Ecofeminism As A Development Fable936 Words   |  4 PagesThis critique reflects on Mohanty’s â€Å"Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses† and Moore’s â€Å"The Rise and Rise of Ecofeminism as a Development Fable: A Response to Melissa Leach’s ‘Earth Mothers and Other Ecofeminist Fables: How a Strategic Notion Rose and Fell.† Both articles raise questions of essentialism as a necessary element in feminism itself, and of naivety, validity and value of essentialized feminist works. This firstly challenges the biological and social definitionRead MoreThe Core Themes Of Postcolonial Theory963 Words   |  4 Pagesthemes.   Postcolonial feminism was born in part as a reaction to western imperialism and colonialism. It set out to address the shortcomings of western models of feminist thought, and questioned concepts such as, ‘sisterhood. Authors such as Collins challenge the universal applicability of western forms of feminism, and suggest that western approaches and their, â€Å"single focus lenses on social inequality, left little space to address the complex social problems that they (third world women) face.†(CollinsRead MoreUnder Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses1669 Words   |  7 PagesIn her essay, â€Å"Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses,† Chandra Talpade Mohanty explores the simplified construction of the â€Å"third-world woman† in hegemonic feminist discourses. In contrast, in her essay â€Å"US Third-World Feminism: The Theory and Method of Oppositional Consciousness in the Postmodern World,† Chela Sand oval specifically analyzes â€Å"US third-world feminism† and how it is the model for not only oppositional political activity, but also consciousness in the UnitedRead MoreWhy Stories Matter Convincingly Questions The Belief That Securing More Accurate Narratives Of The Past Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagesinadvertently shaping it). Therefore, the social, cultural, economic, and geopolitical forces that do not fall under the category of feminist theory, such as structural and institutional relationships and forces that make possible the production of academic feminism, cannot be included as part of its history. Why should the scope of feminist history be limited to only what feminist scholars have published? Important factors in feminist history may be found elsewhere thus Hemmings’s citation tactics ought toRead MoreFeminism, The Advocacy Of Women s Rights On The Ground Of The Equality1654 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism is a series of chronological movements and ideo logies aimed at altering the patriarchal system to be equalitarian, so women can uphold the same opportunities and rights as men. Feminism, by definition, is ‘the advocacy of women’s rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes’ (Oxforddictionaries.com, 2015). Therefore, feminism is still relevant within Western society because there is still significant evidence that shows women are still not yet equal with men. Thus, this essay will focusRead MorePositive Changes in the Quality of Life for Woman in Morocco1709 Words   |  7 Pagesparallel those in the western world and create several notable achievements on behalf of human and women’s rights. At the political and social level, there are signs that conditions for women are changing. Social organizations, which encourage women’s rights, are becoming more popular and influential. During the last part of the 19th century continuing through the 20th century women in well off classes had access to feminist ideas and developed the first period of feminism in Morocco. After theRead MoreAnalysis Of Marilyn Frye s Universal Definition Of Oppression1225 Words   |  5 Pagesopinion. As the tension builds, there are two main camps formed: The Western feminist and the Non-Western feminist. (While I personally object to this terminology because of its Eurocentrism, I have yet to find alternatives that encompass the same meaning so it will have to stay standing as imperialist as it is.) Both sets of activists have different roles within these current predicaments facing the unjust treatment of women. Western feminists find themselves in a stalemate of passing critical judgementRead MoreTheory Is A Liberatory Practice1431 Words   |  6 Pagesquestions soon became a part of my everyday life, when I moved to New York. My sophomore year of my college was an eye-opening y ear for me. I declared women’s studies as my minor and I felt this weird comfort inside me after getting introduced to feminism. I was happy to know that I was not the only one who was being treated as â€Å"other† in the society. There were people who were, are and is still struggling and fighting for their rights. As an American Muslim woman, I felt more comfortable around theseRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Discourse1454 Words   |  6 Pages Although Western feminism started in the 1900s, yet, it didn’t reach the Islamic world until most recently, a couple of hundred years later than the West. Despite the fact that both of the feminism movements come from totally different back grounds, and they are affected by different history and culture, still, both of them aimed for women’s best interests. Muslim women were profoundly feeling aggrieved by the discrimination they have against them. They stereotypical reputation about them in the

My Favorite Memories As A Kid - 1180 Words

Childhood memory One of my favorite memories as a kid was the time me my sister and the twin neighbors decided that today was a good day to swim. It was probably late april or early may, the pool had been sitting out since last summer and the water had turned green. I of course had to go test out the water, as I was taking my shoes and socks off I went to take a closer look at the water when suddenly my younger sister jumped straight in. She got up and started to cry because the water was full of leaves and other gross things, so me and the twins jumped into the nasty, slimy, green water and had to much fun to be disgusted. Even though everyday of my childhood wasn t like that day, it s been full of learning moments and entertaining moments, good times and not as good times that have helped me figure out how to handle life today. Thesis statement The purpose of my oratory is to share the importance of making the most of your childhood. I think that childhood should be embraced and treasured because it only lasts so long. Attention step So many kids are getting left behind or ignored, and it s not necessarily by other kids. By the time some kids grow up they have terrible memories from childhood, and in today s society some could see suicide as an easier way out. Childhood is a physical and mental growing period and should be both fun and educational so that they can grow up into intelligent adults Suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death for 15-24 year olds, and evenShow MoreRelatedMy First Day Of Grade At Springfield Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesI remember my first day of 4th grade at Springfield local. I was nervous, the teacher who would be teaching me was known to have made students do a lot of writing. Of course I have written out small sentences and maybe some alphabetical practice on paper before, but I have never written thoughts or ideas that coursed through my nine year old brain. We were advised to bring a journal to keep all year throughout the class, to write about whatever topic the teacher desired to assign to the classroomRead MoreA History Of Literacy : Reading And Writing Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pagesnature. We are born into it. I have many memories of reading and writing, though I may not be very fond of it when it concerns schoolwork, it is something I have naturally adjusted to and it somehow has made me, and probably everyone else around me as well, who we are today. I have memories of using literacy all the way back to when I was a toddler to now. Reading and writing always came easy to me as little kid from what I can remember. My earliest memories of reading would be from when I was veryRead More Observational Experience: Why Do Usually People Eat Out at a Restaurant?1152 Words   |  5 PagesOBSERVATIONAL EXPERIENCE Statutory warning: All the observatory views in my document are based on my attempt to understand the human dynamics. this observation is not a write-up to discourage any behavior of human or business. Any similarities are purely coincidental Background: Why do usually people eat out at a restaurant? Because people want to eat something different that they can’t cook or they want ones favorite dish to be cooked, want to party with friends, have a beautiful time with familyRead MoreHow Music Defines You Essay921 Words   |  4 Pageschange their moods, or bring back memories related to a certain tune. Each person, however, has their own unique taste in music; one song can be loved by one but hated by another, it all depends on our personal taste and what we can relate to. This made me wonder, what does the music I listen to say about myself? Do the lyrics define who I am as a person, or do I simply like songs because of the beat? As I looked at my top ten playlist, I saw that some of my favorite songs do describe me to a certainRead MoreApps Essay857 Words   |  4 Pages FOUR APPS FOR SPIRITUAL GROWTH Ask my kids, a techno geek, I’m not. But I have learned to love my smart phone, and unfortunately, I am addicted to the convenience of this newfangled gadget. However, apps are a different animal and it took a while longer before these technical gizmos found their way onto my phone. Today, I love my apps too! News apps keep me up on current events, my Uber app provides easy access to transportation when I travel, and my weather apps not only alert me to conditionsRead MoreGrandma Opal s Grandma s House 988 Words   |  4 Pageswho was actually my great grandmother had been like a grandmother to various others. The town of Maysville is not a very large, so everyone knew her by grandma. Whenever the phone would ring, we would all answer â€Å"grandma’s house†. I spent uncountable summers as a kid in Maysville with my maternal grandparents, Terry and Char and my great Grandma Opal, but now that she is gone, I have a piece of her no one else has. I have my grandma Opal’s very fragile recipe box and her favorite embroidery patternsRead MoreNike Yum : A Personal Statement898 Words   |  4 PagesYum Yum Introduction: Blueberry Yum Yum has been in my family for generations and very common from where my family is from. It’s a southern dessert that warms my heart when my mom tells me, â€Å"We are going to Grandma’s for dinner.† The thought of Blueberry Yum Yum makes me smile from ear to ear. I will always remember going to my grandparent’s house for thanksgiving and having the yum yum for dessert every year. Whenever my Grandma would ask my brother and I what we wanted to eat that year, we alwaysRead MoreEssay on My Childhood Memories: Halloween591 Words   |  3 Pages Halloween has always been my favorite holiday and each year brings new experiences that make me love it even more. My first memory of Halloween is the costume I went out trick or treating with my grandmother, who lived 500 miles away. She made me a homemade costume that I wish I still had today. The costume was supposed to be a butterfly. It was purple with butterfly-like markings on the body, wings and antennas, and it engulfed my small, child-size body the second I put it on. I remember hatingRead MoreGrandma Opal s Grandma s House 976 Words   |  4 Pagespets. Opal, who was actually my great grandmother had been like a grandmother to various others. Whenever her phone would ring, we would answer â€Å"Grandma’s house†, because the town of Maysville is not a very large, everyone knew her by grandma. I spent uncountable summers in Maysville as a child with my maternal grandparents, Terry and Char, and my great Grandma Opal. Now that she is gone, I have several, meaningful pieces of her life that no one else has. I inherited my Grandma Opal’s very fragileRead MoreA Brief R esearch on The Beatles Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagespath. Since I was a little kid, I remember my parents always listening to music. Music has always a part of my life growing up. My parents listen to all kinds of different genres of music from Pink Floyd, Jimmy Buffett, Bruce to the Beatles. Both my mom and dad have told me that one of their favorite bands of all time is the Beatles an they remember listening to it as kids and still enjoy it today. They play their music all the time around the house, especially my mom who always has the radio

How Nature And Nurture Affects Intelligence - 1867 Words

Jena Massing Mrs. Behrend AP Seminar November 20, 2015 How Nature and Nurture Affects Intelligence Most people believe that Intelligence Quotient (IQ) tests are a good way to measure intelligence. IQ tests are actually pretty bad at measuring intelligence (Rivas 1). Due to this, we wonder how intelligence can be measured and what affects it. How we understand things is a big part of humanity and many studies have been conducted to try to determine what affects intelligence. Researchers have come up with two words, nature and nurture, which are used to describe the factors that affect intelligence. Nature refers to the genetic sources that influence intelligence while nurture is the environmental sources that affect intelligence. Nature and nurture actually collaborate together to affect intelligence as a whole. How intelligence is influenced is a very important topic, because if we can pinpoint what causes one person to have more intelligence than another, we can develop programs and studies to allow the intelligence of the human race to prosper at a faster pace, making our society better as a whole. On the nature side of this argument, the authorI hasve discovered how gene sources influence our lives through relational processing and how children and their parents IQ scores correlate. On the nurture side of this argument, I have learned how prenatal and postnatal experiences have been found to affect intelligence and how an unstable environments can be detrimental to aShow MoreRelatedHuman Behavior: Nature vs. Nurture Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pageshave argued the Nature versus Nurture debate for decades. This debate is about the degree to which our environment and heredity, affects our behavior and developmental stages. According to this debate, nature can be described as, the behavior of a person is occurring because of their genetic makeup. Since the behavior of a person is due to their genetic makeup, then, it (nature) should also influence a person’s growth and development for the duration of their li fe. However, the nurture side of the debateRead MoreEssay on Human Development: Nature vs. Nurture1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe nature versus nurture debate is an old issue within the field of psychology. â€Å"The nature-nurture issue is a perennial one that has resurfaced in current psychiatry as a series of debates on the role that genes (DNA) and environments play in the etiology and pathophysiology of mental disorders† (Schaffner) The debate is essentially about what is inherited (nature) and what is experienced by environmental factors (nurture) and how they affect human development. Naturally, the nature versusRead MoreJames Flynn s Creation Of The Flynn Effect925 Words   |  4 PagesAlfred Adams Ms. D Psychology 3/15/16 Chapter 10 Intelligence Essay Intelligence is defined as the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. We can measure a person’s intelligence by assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes using numerical scores. Psychologists are currently still arguing whether intelligence is inherited or acquired. Nature is focuses more on genetics and hormones while. Nurture, on the other hand, focuses on external factorsRead MoreDevelopment Across the Life Span: Nature Versus Nurture Essay examples1666 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopment Across the Life Span: Nature versus Nurture Barry University What is Nature versus Nurture? Development across the lifespan is one of the most interesting areas of psychology. The word development refers to human development which can be defined as â€Å"the scientific study of changes that occur in people as they age from conception until death.† (Ciccarelli, amp; White, 2009)Psychologists study this developmental change over time through several different methods. The book highlightsRead MoreAdoption : Nature Vs Nurture1216 Words   |  5 PagesEric Fraley 4th hour English 3 Mrs. Laluzerne Jan, 12, 2016 Adoption Nature vs Nurture What makes someone an unique individual? Centuries of ancestors, genetics, evolution and heredity, or is what makes someone who they are based simply on how they were raised and what sort of environment they were raised in? The idea of Nature vs Nurture was created in 1869 in a book called Hereditary Genius by Francis Galton. In his book, he explains his findings on his exploration of the inheritance andRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Is It Nature Working With Nurture?1550 Words   |  7 PagesIs the question really Nature versus Nurture or is it Nature working with Nurture? These two forces work together to form a person throughout his or her life. Some scientists believe that personality is based on genetic predispositions, which is known as nature. Other scientists believe the way a person acts is from life experiences, the way a person is taught, and the environment in which a person grew up is known as nurture. In all honesty, the two go hand in hand. One side may pull a bit ha rderRead MoreThe Evolutionary Factors That Have Shaped The Genetics That We Inherit From Our Parents1049 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION NATURE This refers to all the evolutionary factors that have that have shaped the genetics that we inherit from our parents. Nature determine the range of our human potential.Naturists believe that the knowledge humans have about the world is innate. Therefore human development is determined by heredity. NURTURE This has to deal with our environment; it refers to all the environmental factors that have influenced us since we began to grow. Nurture affects the way our human potentialRead MoreThe Power of Nature and Nurture Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagesdebate on nature versus nurture has been a mystery for years, constantly begging the question of whether human behavior, ideas, and feelings are innate or learned over time. Nature, or genetic influences, are formed before birth and finely-tuned through early experiences. Genes are viewed as long and complicated chains that are present throughout life and develop over time. Nature supporters believe that genes form a childs conscience and determine ones approach to life, contrasting with nature is theRead MoreThe Child s Home And School Life1477 Words   |  6 Pagesthan their chronological age. Intellectually gifted students can be classified as having an excellent comprehension, being high in curiosity, motivation, independence, and havi ng superior humor (Davis, Rimm, Siegle, 2011). In order to understand how the home and classroom environments foster, create, and hinder the growth of my intellectually gifted student, it is important to consider the different relationships in the child’s home and school life. Urie Bronfenbrenner created the ecological modelRead MoreThe Debate On Nature Vs Nurture Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of the debate on nature vs nurture continues to be a controversy, more and more psychologists start to rise from both sides of the argument. The earliest evidence can be traced back to the time of John Locke, who believes that our minds are blank slates and only experience can write override it. Despite the main focus of the issue being how environment transact to influence development, psychologists today continue to argue on the issue of nature vs nurture. Intelligence is more of a concept

Cocaine (1423 words) Essay Example For Students

Cocaine (1423 words) Essay CocaineCocaineWhen you reach into the refrigerator for a Coca-Cola, do you ever wonder where it got its name? You might be surprised to find out! When coke was created 120 years ago, it contained cocaine (Bayer 27). At the time scientists did not realize that cocaine was addictive and dangerous. Scientists today know that cocaine is among the strongest stimulants known, and trying the drug even one time can cause heart attack, stroke, and even death. Even the most in shape athlete could die from one use (Bayer 26). The history of coca leaves began hundreds of years ago in South America. The Indians of Peru and Bolivia chewed coca leaves so that they could work hard in high altitudes and need little food. It was not until the late 1700s that the coca plant was brought to Europe, and cocaine was not actually created until 1855 when a German chemist named Albert Niemann extracted a compound from coca leaves and named it cocaine. It was not long after cocaine was discovered that it became a common household item (Woods 32). In the 19th century in The United States, cocaine was included in many different over the counter medicines and tonics (Woods 33). Also a wine named Vin Mariani, which contained cocaine as one of its ingredients, was widely marketed. Among the famous people to indorse the wine were Pope Leo III, author Jules Vern, and inventor Thomas Edison (Woods 33). One of the first doctors to prescribe cocaine to his patients was Sigmund Freud. Freud thought that cocaine could be used to cure opium addiction and alcoholism. In reality, though, he was only substituting one addiction for another. Freud wrote a paper on the affects cocaine had on himself. He found that the only really safe and proper medical use was as a painkiller (Woods 33). Most of the coca plants in the world are grown in Peru and Bolivia by Indians that have learned to make coca paste (when coca leaves are mixed with kerosene) from the plant (McFarland 31). The paste that is made is then shipped to Columbia where it is made into a powdered substance. After the cocaine is made into powder it is shipped to the United States and other parts world (McFarland 32). Drug families in Columbia control most of the cocaine trafficking. They use special planes and boats to carry cocaine from Columbia to Caribbean Islands and southern Florida. They send some on land, by truck through Mexico into the United States (McFarland 32). Most of the cocaine brought into the U.S. goes through Los Angelas, Houston, New York, and Miami (Cocaine Use 3). From these locations trafficking gangs connect with street gangs to distribute most of the cocaine. Gangs including the Crips, Bloods, and Dominican, Cuban, Haitian, Mexican, and Puerto Rican groups control most of the sales. Cocaine is only about percent 80 pure when it reaches the gangs, and only 60 percent pure when it hits the street. This is because gangs cut it with other substances such as sugar, PCP, speed, corn starch, and talcum powder to save money (Cocaine Use 3). Between 1981 and 1996 the U.S. Government has spent more than $80 billion fighting the drug war. Government agents continuously patrol our southern border, from Florida to California, in an effort to ward off large scale drug smuggling. Thus far, their efforts appear futile (Bayer 33). Cocaine is a strong central nervous stimulant. It speeds up the bodys work, and affects the part of the brain that produces strong feelings of pleasure. It makes the user feel powerful and full of energy, and they no longer feel tired. In experiments, monkeys that were allowed to have all the cocaine they wanted, took it until they died. Cocaine has stronger physical affects on the body and brain than almost any other drug. After cocaine is taken, the heart beats 30 to 50 percent faster and the body temperature rises. The strongest physical affects cocaine has, though, are on the brain. The human brain has 30 million nerve cells, which are separated from each other by tiny gaps called synapses. When messages are ready to be sent, chemicals flow into the synapses between one brain cell and another. Cocaine causes these chemicals to remain in the synapses longer, causing the brains messages to be sent quicker. This then makes the body react to things much quicker and sometimes over rea ct. Another part of the brain that cocaine affects, is the reward pathway. Behaviors that are necessary to survival like eating, drinking, and sleeping activate this pathway, and are rewarded so that the person continues to do them. An addictive drug like cocaine activates this same passageway, and that is why the person continues to use the drug. .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213 , .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213 .postImageUrl , .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213 , .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213:hover , .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213:visited , .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213:active { border:0!important; } .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213:active , .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213 .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua8976e308ac6841f9fd801e044aa0213:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: surgery EssayCocaine also has very strong affects on the minds of its users. There is a feeling of well being when high on cocaine, but when the high goes down, the mood can change quickly to depression. Cocaine users think that they are invulnerable, and that they do everything right. In reality, although they may do some things better, they can not do anything that requires thought. Many users talk a lot when they are high, and most of what they are saying makes no sense. Many users of cocaine repeat the same tasks over and over without realizing it. Some users become angry, wild, or out of control, and hurt other people. Other users become paranoid and feel everyone is against them, so they stay away from people. Longtime users begin to see, feel, and taste things that are not actually there (Bayer 18). Addiction is the side affect to worry about the most. There is no cure or quick fix for addiction; stopping the use of the drug completely can only control it. Staying off of drugs is very hard, and cocaine is one of the most addicting, but it can be done with the right help. Testing for the presence of cocaine, and other drugs, in the human body, is big business these days. As a prerequisite for employment, and to keep the workplace drug free, many government agencies, and private corporations, spend millions of dollars, each year, in order to test new, and current employees, for signs of cocaine usage. My dad, Gregory Brulz SR., is a Technical Service Representative, employed by Roche Diagnostics Corporation. Roche is one of the worlds largest pharmaceutical manufacturers, and supplier of biomedical testing instrumentation, to many of the clinical laboratories, and hospitals, that perform drug testing. Aside from testing prospective employees for casual cocaine use, these laboratories also perform clinical testing, to aid in the treatment of cocaine addicts, and abusers. My dads job is to set up the test instrument operating parameters, perform testing to ensure that the instrument, and tests, meet federal (FDA), and laboratory regulatory guidelines, and train the instrument operators. On most diagnostic analyzers, human urine is the medium tested, in determining the quantity of cocaine present in a human body. The concentration of cocaine present in the urine, can also be used to interpret the frequency of usage by the individual, and assist in the clinical treatment process. On the analyzer, the urine is mixed with chemical aggregates, called reagents. A high intensity light is projected through a clear plastic cup, containing the urine- chemical mixture. When the mixture contains the drug in question, the reaction created by the drug-chemical reaction absorbs the amount of light projected through the mixture, in proportion to the amount of drug present. The quantity of light absorbed is converted to a specific concentration, presented in nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml) of urine. The presence of cocaine is considered negative up to 300 ng/ml (Roche 22). These analyzers can process several hundred individual urine samples per hour. Even at this rate, many laboratories strain to keep up with the demand for cocaine testing. Hundreds of years ago, Indians in South America discovered the coca plant. In 1855 cocaine was first extracted from the plant. Cocaine became a household item in the 19th century until a man named Sigmund Freud tested the drug on himself and realized that it was dangerous. Today, all over the country, cocaine destroys young lives every day. It is a dangerous, addictive drug, and using it once can kill you. It damages the brain, and messes with the mind. Knowing the facts about cocaine can help people stay healthy and drug free, and may even save lives. .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3 , .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3 .postImageUrl , .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3 , .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3:hover , .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3:visited , .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3:active { border:0!important; } .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3:active , .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3 .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue7e82dd3a9022827002a8afcac6221a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Breaking Down The Metamorphosis EssayEconomics Essays

Utilitarianism in Health Care Issues Essay Example

Utilitarianism in Health Care Issues Paper I will then explicate the main points of virtue theory. Following that, I will argue that the tenets of virtue theory instead works In favor of letting the miners keep their Job. As well, I will explain the utilitarian theory, and follow that by arguing that utilitarianism, as well. Would favor the continued operation of the coalmines. Health Canada argues that coalmines in Belleville, Nova Scotia, need to be closed down as it has extremely harmful effects on its workers. The former states that working in mines leads to an increased chance of contracting pulmonary disease. While it Is true that keeping the mines open leads to economic benefits, these benefits are outweighed by the adverse health effects that the miners In turn suffer as a result of their inherent working conditions. Health Canada states that to allow the workers to work in such conditions creates ill-health and consequent unhappiness (Argument for Paper 2 11. 9). Therefore, it is more beneficial for the workers in the long run that the mine be shut down, as any economic stress suffered by the workers would be compensated for by the workers moving away from the gizzards source in order to find new Jobs elsewhere. We will write a custom essay sample on Utilitarianism in Health Care Issues specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Utilitarianism in Health Care Issues specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Utilitarianism in Health Care Issues specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Further, as most the workers are middle-aged and unlikely to continue working for much longer, Health Canada recommends that the mines be closed as soon as possible. This would also have the result in increasing the workers happiness levels, as by moving away to seek other employment, they would be less exposed to the health hazards and therefore maximize their health and freedom (Argument for Paper 2). Modern Virtue theory argues that we should determine what makes a person good or bad by whether he or she has certain virtues In their character. For example, traits such as courage, honesty, generosity, In a person, If they have these traits, would make the person count as a good person. Virtues as well are such that they must not be too extreme towards either the positive end, or towards the negative end. For example, the virtue courage is a virtue because it is a middle ground between being a coward or being extremely impulsive. As such, the virtues are virtues such that if it is good for a person to possess such a character trait, then it is a virtue. When applying virtue theory to the case of shutting down coalmining In the town of Belleville, we must then In this case consider the moral character of both the authorities who are trying to shut down the mining, as well as the miners whose jobs are affected. In the case of the authorities, while they might regard themselves as having the good virtues, such as of honesty and courage, of their attempt to shut down the mines, I feel that the ultimate outcome of this intent does not reflect the virtues that are supposed to have created this shutdown, and therefore the traits are not morally good Let us KICK at ten two vultures AT nonsense Ana courage. I wall TLS examine honest. Are the authorities being truly honest with the miners by alerting them to the potential health danger of exposure while playing down the other dangers such as unemployment, loss of benefits, the additional stress of relocating and having to look for new Jobs, and so on? It seems like they are not being wholly truthful, as they have failed to highlight the other potential health dangers of closing down the mine. As well, I find that the Health Canada authorities are not being truly virtuous when it comes to the moral trait of courage as well, as their cause to shut own the miners Jobs and relocate them is not a worthy cause. This is because the negatives of performing such an act outweigh the positives when it comes to benefiting the miners. We could therefore conclude that while Health Canada might be performing a courageous act by asking the miners to relocate, it is not for a worthy cause, and therefore their behavior is invidious. Let us consider this case from a utilitarian perspective. I will first explicate on the theory of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is a philosophical theory which states that that which is right is what brings the greatest amount of happiness to the greatest maximum number of people. The act that manages to fulfill this criteria is the act that is then morally right. As a result, whenever we consider what is a morally right action to do, we have to keep in mind that the action that would make it so that the accumulated level of happiness in the majority would be higher than the accumulated number of unhappiness in a majority. As well, utilitarianism is bias- free, in that the happiness levels of your close friends and family do not take priority ever the happiness levels of the neighbors next door, or of people in countries that you have never visited and will never know. I argue that under the principles of utilitarianism, closing the mines would ultimately be a morally wrong act to befall the miners, and consequently, the majority. While the closure promises long term benefits, we must remember that most of the miners being affect are 50 years old or older. This means that in terms of long term health effects, they are unlikely to be able to enjoy it in time or, even if they o live long enough to get the benefits of reduction to exposure, these benefits are only likely to last a few years before they pass away. This then does not seem like it would benefit them, or the families that are depending on them for sustenance, as the short term and possibly long term effects of closing the mines means that they would not be able to support themselves financially. In short, the negative potential for happiness is a certainty, while the positive potential for happiness is only theoretical.